XSS (Cross-site Scripting) allows an attacker to execute a dynamic script (Javascript, VbScript) in the context of the application. This allows several different attack opportunities, mostly hijacking the current session of the user or changing the look of the page by changing the HTML on the fly to steal the user's credentials. This happens because the input entered by a user has been interpreted as HTML/Javascript/VbScript by the browser.
XSS targets the users of the application instead of the server. Although this is a limitation, since it allows attackers to hijack other users' session, an attacker might attack an administrator to gain full control over the application.
Impact
There are many different attacks that can be leveraged through the use of XSS, including:
Hi-jacking users' active session
Changing the look of the page within the victims browser.
Mounting a successful phishing attack.
Intercept data and perform man-in-the-middle attacks.
Remedy
The issue occurs because the browser interprets the input as active HTML, Javascript or VbScript. To avoid this, all input and output from the application should be filtered. Output should be filtered according to the output format and location. Typically the output location is HTML. Where the output is HTML ensure that all active content is removed prior to its presentation to the server.
Prior to sanitizing user input, ensure you have a pre-defined list of both expected and acceptable characters with which you populate a white-list. This list needs only be defined once and should be used to sanitize and validate all subsequent input.
There are a number of pre-defined, well structured white-list libraries available for many different environments, good examples of these include, OWASP Reform and Microsoft Anti Cross-site Scripting libraries are good examples.
<meta name="description" content="Welcome to the Apple Distinguished Educators (ADE) online community. Membership in this site is for ADE members only.<br><br>If you already have an account, please log-in below." /> <meta name="keywords" content="iTunes, Podcast Producer, Mac OS X, Education, Pedagogy, Software" /> <meta name="copyright" content="Apple Inc. - 2011" /> <meta name="author" content="Apple Inc." /> <meta name="Distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="Rating" content="General" /> <meta name="Robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW" /> <meta name="Revisit-after" content="1 Day" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="images/ade_webclip_icon.png">
<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- var SocialEngine = new SocialEngineAPI.Base();
// Core SocialEngine.Core = new SocialEngineAPI.Core(); SocialEngine.Core.ImportSettings({"setting_url":false,"setting_username":true}); SocialEngine.Core.ImportPlugins(["apps","userpages","article","blog","group","sep_group_integration","forum","gmap","album","geo","poll","epayment","business","businessarticle","businessgroup","businessblog","scheduler","radcodes","plugin_controls"]); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.Core);
// URL SocialEngine.URL = new SocialEngineAPI.URL(); SocialEngine.URL.ImportURLBase('http://ade.apple.com/ade/'); SocialEngine.URL.ImportURLInfo({"albums":{"url_file":"albums","url_regular":"albums.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/albums\/"},"album":{"url_file":"album","url_regular":"album.php?user=$user&album_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"$user\/albums\/$id1"},"album_file":{"url_file":"album_file","url_regular":"album_file.php?user=$user&album_id=$id1&media_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"$user\/albums\/$id1\/$id2"},"blog":{"url_file":"blog","url_regular":"blog.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/blog\/"},"blog_entry":{"url_file":"blog_entry","url_regular":"blog.php?user=$user&blogentry_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"$user\/blog\/$id1\/"},"blog_trackback":{"url_file":"blog_trackback","url_regular":"blog_ajax.php?task=trackback&user=$user&blogentry_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"$user\/trackback\/$id1\/"},"articles":{"url_file":"articles","url_regular":"articles.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/articles\/"},"article":{"url_file":"article","url_regular":"article.php?article_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"article\/$id1\/$id2"},"group":{"url_file":"group","url_regular":"group.php?group_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"group\/$id1\/"},"group_media":{"url_file":"group_media","url_regular":"group_album_file.php?group_id=$id1&groupmedia_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"group\/$id1\/album\/$id2\/"},"group_discussion":{"url_file":"group_discussion","url_regular":"group_discussion_view.php?group_id=$id1&grouptopic_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"group\/$id1\/discussion\/$id2\/"},"group_discussion_post":{"url_file":"group_discussion_post","url_regular":"group_discussion_view.php?group_id=$id1&grouptopic_id=$id2&grouppost_id=$id3","url_subdirectory":"group\/$id1\/discussion\/$id2\/$id3\/"},"app_canvas":{"url_file":"app_canvas","url_regular":"user_apps_canvas.php?id=$id1&app_tab_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"user_apps_canvas.php?id=$id1&app_tab_id=$id2"},"app_page":{"url_file":"app_page","url_regular":"apppage.php?id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"apppage.php?id=$id1"},"app":{"url_file":"app","url_regular":"app.php?id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"application\/$id1\/"},"userpage":{"url_file":"userpage","url_regular":"userpage.php?page_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"userpage.php?page_id=$id1"},"business":{"url_file":"business","url_regular":"business.php?business_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"business\/$id1\/$user\/"},"business_media":{"url_file":"business_media","url_regular":"business_album_file.php?business_id=$id1&businessmedia_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"business\/$id1\/album\/$id2\/"},"business_category":{"url_file":"business_category","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?businesscat_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/category\/$id1\/$user\/"},"business_tag":{"url_file":"business_tag","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?tag=$id1","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/tag\/$id1\/"},"business_neighborhood":{"url_file":"business_neighborhood","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?neighborhood=$id1","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/neighborhood\/$id1\/"},"business_country":{"url_file":"business_country","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?type=location&country=$id1","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/location\/$id1\/"},"business_province":{"url_file":"business_province","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?type=location&country=$id1&province=$id2","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/location\/$id1\/$id2\/"},"business_city":{"url_file":"business_city","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?type=location&country=$id1&province=$id2&city=$id3","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/location\/$id1\/$id2\/$id3\/"},"polls":{"url_file":"polls","url_regular":"polls.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/polls\/"},"poll":{"url_file":"poll","url_regular":"poll.php?user=$user&poll_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"$user\/polls\/$id1\/"},"profile":{"url_regular":"profile.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/"}}); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.URL);
// Language SocialEngine.Language = new SocialEngineAPI.Language(); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.Language);
// User - Viewer SocialEngine.Viewer = new SocialEngineAPI.User(); SocialEngine.Viewer.ImportUserInfo({"user_exists":false}); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.Viewer);
// User - Owner SocialEngine.Owner = new SocialEngineAPI.User(); SocialEngine.Owner.ImportUserInfo({"user_exists":false}); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.Owner);
// Back SELanguage = SocialEngine.Language; //--> </script>
<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- // ADD TIP FUNCTION window.addEvent('load', function() { var Tips1 = new Tips($$('.Tips1')); }); //--> </script>
<div id="login_text"> <p>The <a href='http://www.apple.com/education/apple-distinguished-educator/'>Apple Distinguished Educator (ADE) program</a> is a relationship program focused on educational excellence and leadership. ADEs are members of a select group of K-12 and Higher Education professionals possessing an identified expertise in educational technology leadership. This group of over 1,500 educators spans the globe with membership in the USA, Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, Mexico and New Zealand.</p>
<h3>ADE Member Roles</h3> <p>Members of the ADE community fulfill four primary roles in their interaction with Apple:</p>
<h4>Advocates</h4> <p>ADEs are passionate advocates of the potential of Apple technologies and they provide expert assistance and best practices to educators and policy makers. ADEs are frequent presenters at local, state, national and international educational conferences.</p>
<h4>Advisors</h4> <p>ADEs provide valuable input to Apple on the realities of integrating instructional technology into learning environments.</p>
<h4>Authors</h4> <p>ADEs publish authentic work to share with peers such as teaching and leadership best practices, exemplary lesson ideas, and a range of content items that showcase Apple products and technologies for the advancement of education.</p>
<h4>Ambassadors</h4> <p>ADEs are innovators in building community and capacity for teaching and learning in a global context. Through online projects and collaboration tools, they empower each other to expand the walls of the classroom and bring global experiences to classrooms everywhere.</p>
<h3>Interested in becoming an ADE?</h3> <p>For more information on applying to the Apple Distinguished Educator Program, visit the <a href='http://ade.apple.com/apply/'>Class of 2011 Application Page</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style='padding: 20px; width: 210px; float: right; background: #f0f0f0; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px;'> <form action='login.php' method='POST' name='login' id='login'> <h3>Login for ADE Program Members Only</h3>
<meta name="description" content="Welcome to the Apple Distinguished Educators (ADE) online community. Membership in this site is for ADE members only.<br><br>If you already have an account, please log-in below." /> <meta name="keywords" content="iTunes, Podcast Producer, Mac OS X, Education, Pedagogy, Software" /> <meta name="copyright" content="Apple Inc. - 2011" /> <meta name="author" content="Apple Inc." /> <meta name="Distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="Rating" content="General" /> <meta name="Robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW" /> <meta name="Revisit-after" content="1 Day" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="images/ade_webclip_icon.png">
<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- var SocialEngine = new SocialEngineAPI.Base();
// Core SocialEngine.Core = new SocialEngineAPI.Core(); SocialEngine.Core.ImportSettings({"setting_url":false,"setting_username":true}); SocialEngine.Core.ImportPlugins(["apps","userpages","article","blog","group","sep_group_integration","forum","gmap","album","geo","poll","epayment","business","businessarticle","businessgroup","businessblog","scheduler","radcodes","plugin_controls"]); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.Core);
// URL SocialEngine.URL = new SocialEngineAPI.URL(); SocialEngine.URL.ImportURLBase('http://ade.apple.com/ade/'); SocialEngine.URL.ImportURLInfo({"albums":{"url_file":"albums","url_regular":"albums.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/albums\/"},"album":{"url_file":"album","url_regular":"album.php?user=$user&album_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"$user\/albums\/$id1"},"album_file":{"url_file":"album_file","url_regular":"album_file.php?user=$user&album_id=$id1&media_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"$user\/albums\/$id1\/$id2"},"blog":{"url_file":"blog","url_regular":"blog.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/blog\/"},"blog_entry":{"url_file":"blog_entry","url_regular":"blog.php?user=$user&blogentry_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"$user\/blog\/$id1\/"},"blog_trackback":{"url_file":"blog_trackback","url_regular":"blog_ajax.php?task=trackback&user=$user&blogentry_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"$user\/trackback\/$id1\/"},"articles":{"url_file":"articles","url_regular":"articles.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/articles\/"},"article":{"url_file":"article","url_regular":"article.php?article_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"article\/$id1\/$id2"},"group":{"url_file":"group","url_regular":"group.php?group_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"group\/$id1\/"},"group_media":{"url_file":"group_media","url_regular":"group_album_file.php?group_id=$id1&groupmedia_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"group\/$id1\/album\/$id2\/"},"group_discussion":{"url_file":"group_discussion","url_regular":"group_discussion_view.php?group_id=$id1&grouptopic_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"group\/$id1\/discussion\/$id2\/"},"group_discussion_post":{"url_file":"group_discussion_post","url_regular":"group_discussion_view.php?group_id=$id1&grouptopic_id=$id2&grouppost_id=$id3","url_subdirectory":"group\/$id1\/discussion\/$id2\/$id3\/"},"app_canvas":{"url_file":"app_canvas","url_regular":"user_apps_canvas.php?id=$id1&app_tab_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"user_apps_canvas.php?id=$id1&app_tab_id=$id2"},"app_page":{"url_file":"app_page","url_regular":"apppage.php?id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"apppage.php?id=$id1"},"app":{"url_file":"app","url_regular":"app.php?id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"application\/$id1\/"},"userpage":{"url_file":"userpage","url_regular":"userpage.php?page_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"userpage.php?page_id=$id1"},"business":{"url_file":"business","url_regular":"business.php?business_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"business\/$id1\/$user\/"},"business_media":{"url_file":"business_media","url_regular":"business_album_file.php?business_id=$id1&businessmedia_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"business\/$id1\/album\/$id2\/"},"business_category":{"url_file":"business_category","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?businesscat_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/category\/$id1\/$user\/"},"business_tag":{"url_file":"business_tag","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?tag=$id1","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/tag\/$id1\/"},"business_neighborhood":{"url_file":"business_neighborhood","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?neighborhood=$id1","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/neighborhood\/$id1\/"},"business_country":{"url_file":"business_country","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?type=location&country=$id1","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/location\/$id1\/"},"business_province":{"url_file":"business_province","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?type=location&country=$id1&province=$id2","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/location\/$id1\/$id2\/"},"business_city":{"url_file":"business_city","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?type=location&country=$id1&province=$id2&city=$id3","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/location\/$id1\/$id2\/$id3\/"},"polls":{"url_file":"polls","url_regular":"polls.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/polls\/"},"poll":{"url_file":"poll","url_regular":"poll.php?user=$user&poll_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"$user\/polls\/$id1\/"},"profile":{"url_regular":"profile.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/"}}); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.URL);
// Language SocialEngine.Language = new SocialEngineAPI.Language(); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.Language);
// User - Viewer SocialEngine.Viewer = new SocialEngineAPI.User(); SocialEngine.Viewer.ImportUserInfo({"user_exists":false}); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.Viewer);
// User - Owner SocialEngine.Owner = new SocialEngineAPI.User(); SocialEngine.Owner.ImportUserInfo({"user_exists":false}); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.Owner);
// Back SELanguage = SocialEngine.Language; //--> </script>
<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- // ADD TIP FUNCTION window.addEvent('load', function() { var Tips1 = new Tips($$('.Tips1')); }); //--> </script>
<div id="login_text"> <p>The <a href='http://www.apple.com/education/apple-distinguished-educator/'>Apple Distinguished Educator (ADE) program</a> is a relationship program focused on educational excellence and leadership. ADEs are members of a select group of K-12 and Higher Education professionals possessing an identified expertise in educational technology leadership. This group of over 1,500 educators spans the globe with membership in the USA, Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, Mexico and New Zealand.</p>
<h3>ADE Member Roles</h3> <p>Members of the ADE community fulfill four primary roles in their interaction with Apple:</p>
<h4>Advocates</h4> <p>ADEs are passionate advocates of the potential of Apple technologies and they provide expert assistance and best practices to educators and policy makers. ADEs are frequent presenters at local, state, national and international educational conferences.</p>
<h4>Advisors</h4> <p>ADEs provide valuable input to Apple on the realities of integrating instructional technology into learning environments.</p>
<h4>Authors</h4> <p>ADEs publish authentic work to share with peers such as teaching and leadership best practices, exemplary lesson ideas, and a range of content items that showcase Apple products and technologies for the advancement of education.</p>
<h4>Ambassadors</h4> <p>ADEs are innovators in building community and capacity for teaching and learning in a global context. Through online projects and collaboration tools, they empower each other to expand the walls of the classroom and bring global experiences to classrooms everywhere.</p>
<h3>Interested in becoming an ADE?</h3> <p>For more information on applying to the Apple Distinguished Educator Program, visit the <a href='http://ade.apple.com/apply/'>Class of 2011 Application Page</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style='padding: 20px; width: 210px; float: right; background: #f0f0f0; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px;'> <form action='login.php' method='POST' name='login' id='login'> <h3>Login for ADE Program Members Only</h3>
<meta name="description" content="Welcome to the Apple Distinguished Educators (ADE) online community. Membership in this site is for ADE members only.<br><br>If you already have an account, please log-in below." /> <meta name="keywords" content="iTunes, Podcast Producer, Mac OS X, Education, Pedagogy, Software" /> <meta name="copyright" content="Apple Inc. - 2011" /> <meta name="author" content="Apple Inc." /> <meta name="Distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="Rating" content="General" /> <meta name="Robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW" /> <meta name="Revisit-after" content="1 Day" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="images/ade_webclip_icon.png">
<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- var SocialEngine = new SocialEngineAPI.Base();
// Core SocialEngine.Core = new SocialEngineAPI.Core(); SocialEngine.Core.ImportSettings({"setting_url":false,"setting_username":true}); SocialEngine.Core.ImportPlugins(["apps","userpages","article","blog","group","sep_group_integration","forum","gmap","album","geo","poll","epayment","business","businessarticle","businessgroup","businessblog","scheduler","radcodes","plugin_controls"]); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.Core);
// URL SocialEngine.URL = new SocialEngineAPI.URL(); SocialEngine.URL.ImportURLBase('http://ade.apple.com/ade/'); SocialEngine.URL.ImportURLInfo({"albums":{"url_file":"albums","url_regular":"albums.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/albums\/"},"album":{"url_file":"album","url_regular":"album.php?user=$user&album_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"$user\/albums\/$id1"},"album_file":{"url_file":"album_file","url_regular":"album_file.php?user=$user&album_id=$id1&media_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"$user\/albums\/$id1\/$id2"},"blog":{"url_file":"blog","url_regular":"blog.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/blog\/"},"blog_entry":{"url_file":"blog_entry","url_regular":"blog.php?user=$user&blogentry_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"$user\/blog\/$id1\/"},"blog_trackback":{"url_file":"blog_trackback","url_regular":"blog_ajax.php?task=trackback&user=$user&blogentry_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"$user\/trackback\/$id1\/"},"articles":{"url_file":"articles","url_regular":"articles.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/articles\/"},"article":{"url_file":"article","url_regular":"article.php?article_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"article\/$id1\/$id2"},"group":{"url_file":"group","url_regular":"group.php?group_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"group\/$id1\/"},"group_media":{"url_file":"group_media","url_regular":"group_album_file.php?group_id=$id1&groupmedia_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"group\/$id1\/album\/$id2\/"},"group_discussion":{"url_file":"group_discussion","url_regular":"group_discussion_view.php?group_id=$id1&grouptopic_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"group\/$id1\/discussion\/$id2\/"},"group_discussion_post":{"url_file":"group_discussion_post","url_regular":"group_discussion_view.php?group_id=$id1&grouptopic_id=$id2&grouppost_id=$id3","url_subdirectory":"group\/$id1\/discussion\/$id2\/$id3\/"},"app_canvas":{"url_file":"app_canvas","url_regular":"user_apps_canvas.php?id=$id1&app_tab_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"user_apps_canvas.php?id=$id1&app_tab_id=$id2"},"app_page":{"url_file":"app_page","url_regular":"apppage.php?id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"apppage.php?id=$id1"},"app":{"url_file":"app","url_regular":"app.php?id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"application\/$id1\/"},"userpage":{"url_file":"userpage","url_regular":"userpage.php?page_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"userpage.php?page_id=$id1"},"business":{"url_file":"business","url_regular":"business.php?business_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"business\/$id1\/$user\/"},"business_media":{"url_file":"business_media","url_regular":"business_album_file.php?business_id=$id1&businessmedia_id=$id2","url_subdirectory":"business\/$id1\/album\/$id2\/"},"business_category":{"url_file":"business_category","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?businesscat_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/category\/$id1\/$user\/"},"business_tag":{"url_file":"business_tag","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?tag=$id1","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/tag\/$id1\/"},"business_neighborhood":{"url_file":"business_neighborhood","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?neighborhood=$id1","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/neighborhood\/$id1\/"},"business_country":{"url_file":"business_country","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?type=location&country=$id1","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/location\/$id1\/"},"business_province":{"url_file":"business_province","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?type=location&country=$id1&province=$id2","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/location\/$id1\/$id2\/"},"business_city":{"url_file":"business_city","url_regular":"browse_businesses.php?type=location&country=$id1&province=$id2&city=$id3","url_subdirectory":"businesses\/location\/$id1\/$id2\/$id3\/"},"polls":{"url_file":"polls","url_regular":"polls.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/polls\/"},"poll":{"url_file":"poll","url_regular":"poll.php?user=$user&poll_id=$id1","url_subdirectory":"$user\/polls\/$id1\/"},"profile":{"url_regular":"profile.php?user=$user","url_subdirectory":"$user\/"}}); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.URL);
// Language SocialEngine.Language = new SocialEngineAPI.Language(); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.Language);
// User - Viewer SocialEngine.Viewer = new SocialEngineAPI.User(); SocialEngine.Viewer.ImportUserInfo({"user_exists":false}); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.Viewer);
// User - Owner SocialEngine.Owner = new SocialEngineAPI.User(); SocialEngine.Owner.ImportUserInfo({"user_exists":false}); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.Owner);
// Back SELanguage = SocialEngine.Language; //--> </script>
<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- // ADD TIP FUNCTION window.addEvent('load', function() { var Tips1 = new Tips($$('.Tips1')); }); //--> </script>
<div id="login_text"> <p>The <a href='http://www.apple.com/education/apple-distinguished-educator/'>Apple Distinguished Educator (ADE) program</a> is a relationship program focused on educational excellence and leadership. ADEs are members of a select group of K-12 and Higher Education professionals possessing an identified expertise in educational technology leadership. This group of over 1,500 educators spans the globe with membership in the USA, Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, Mexico and New Zealand.</p>
<h3>ADE Member Roles</h3> <p>Members of the ADE community fulfill four primary roles in their interaction with Apple:</p>
<h4>Advocates</h4> <p>ADEs are passionate advocates of the potential of Apple technologies and they provide expert assistance and best practices to educators and policy makers. ADEs are frequent presenters at local, state, national and international educational conferences.</p>
<h4>Advisors</h4> <p>ADEs provide valuable input to Apple on the realities of integrating instructional technology into learning environments.</p>
<h4>Authors</h4> <p>ADEs publish authentic work to share with peers such as teaching and leadership best practices, exemplary lesson ideas, and a range of content items that showcase Apple products and technologies for the advancement of education.</p>
<h4>Ambassadors</h4> <p>ADEs are innovators in building community and capacity for teaching and learning in a global context. Through online projects and collaboration tools, they empower each other to expand the walls of the classroom and bring global experiences to classrooms everywhere.</p>
<h3>Interested in becoming an ADE?</h3> <p>For more information on applying to the Apple Distinguished Educator Program, visit the <a href='http://ade.apple.com/apply/'>Class of 2011 Application Page</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style='padding: 20px; width: 210px; float: right; background: #f0f0f0; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px;'> <form action='login.php' method='POST' name='login' id='login'> <h3>Login for ADE Program Members Only</h3>
<meta name="description" content="Welcome to the Apple Distinguished Educators (ADE) online community. Membership in this site is for ADE members only.<br><br>If you already have an account, please log-in below." /> <meta name="keywords" content="iTunes, Podcast Producer, Mac OS X, Education, Pedagogy, Software" /> <meta name="copyright" content="Apple Inc. - 2011" /> <meta name="author" content="Apple Inc." /> <meta name="Distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="Rating" content="General" /> <meta name="Robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW" /> <meta name="Revisit-after" content="1 Day" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="images/ade_webclip_icon.png">
<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- var SocialEngine = new SocialEngineAPI.Base();
// Core SocialEngine.Core = new SocialEngineAPI.Core(); SocialEngine.Core.ImportSettings({"setting_url":false,"setting_username":true}); SocialEngine.Core.ImportPlugins(["apps","userpages","article","blog","group","sep_group_integration","forum","gmap","album","geo","poll","epayment","business","businessarticle","businessgroup","businessblog","scheduler","radcodes","plugin_controls"]); SocialEngine.RegisterModule(SocialEngine.Core);
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<div id="login_text"> <p>The <a href='http://www.apple.com/education/apple-distinguished-educator/'>Apple Distinguished Educator (ADE) program</a> is a relationship program focused on educational excellence and leadership. ADEs are members of a select group of K-12 and Higher Education professionals possessing an identified expertise in educational technology leadership. This group of over 1,500 educators spans the globe with membership in the USA, Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, Mexico and New Zealand.</p>
<h3>ADE Member Roles</h3> <p>Members of the ADE community fulfill four primary roles in their interaction with Apple:</p>
<h4>Advocates</h4> <p>ADEs are passionate advocates of the potential of Apple technologies and they provide expert assistance and best practices to educators and policy makers. ADEs are frequent presenters at local, state, national and international educational conferences.</p>
<h4>Advisors</h4> <p>ADEs provide valuable input to Apple on the realities of integrating instructional technology into learning environments.</p>
<h4>Authors</h4> <p>ADEs publish authentic work to share with peers such as teaching and leadership best practices, exemplary lesson ideas, and a range of content items that showcase Apple products and technologies for the advancement of education.</p>
<h4>Ambassadors</h4> <p>ADEs are innovators in building community and capacity for teaching and learning in a global context. Through online projects and collaboration tools, they empower each other to expand the walls of the classroom and bring global experiences to classrooms everywhere.</p>
<h3>Interested in becoming an ADE?</h3> <p>For more information on applying to the Apple Distinguished Educator Program, visit the <a href='http://ade.apple.com/apply/'>Class of 2011 Application Page</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style='padding: 20px; width: 210px; float: right; background: #f0f0f0; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; border-radius: 5px; -moz-border-radius: 5px;'> <form action='login.php' method='POST' name='login' id='login'> <h3>Login for ADE Program Members Only</h3>
The Server responded with an HTTP status 500. This indicates that there is a server-side error. Reasons may vary. The behavior should be analysed carefully. If Netsparker is able to find a security issue in the same resource it will report this as a separate vulnerability.
Impact
The impact may vary depending on the condition. Generally this indicates poor coding practices, not enough error checking, sanitization and whitelisting. However there might be a bigger issue such as SQL Injection. If that's the case Netsparker will check for other possible issues and report them separately.
Remedy
Analyse this issue and review the application code in order to handle unexpected errors, this should be a generic practice which does not disclose further information upon an error. All errors should be handled server side only.
Cookie was not marked as HTTPOnly. HTTPOnly cookies can not be read by client-side scripts therefore marking a cookie as HTTPOnly can provide an additional layer of protection against Cross-site Scripting attacks..
Impact
During a Cross-site Scripting attack an attacker might easily access cookies and hijack the victim's session.
Actions to Take
See the remedy for solution
Consider marking all of the cookies used by the application as HTTPOnly (After these changes javascript code will not able to read cookies.
Remedy
Mark the cookie as HTTPOnly. This will be an extra layer of defence against XSS. However this is not a silver bullet and will not protect the system against Cross-site Scripting attacks. An attacker can use a tool such as XSS Tunnel to bypass HTTPOnly protection.
Netsparker identified that the target web server is an Apache server. This was disclosed through the HTTP response. This information can help an attacker to gain a greater understanding of the systems in use and potentially develop further attacks targeted at the specific version of Apache.
Impact
An attacker can search for specific security vulnerabilities for the version of Apache identified within the SERVER header.
Remedy
Configure your web server to prevent information leakage from the SERVER header of its HTTP response.
Netsparker identified that the target web server is disclosing the PHP version in use through the HTTP response. This information can help an attacker to gain a greater understanding of the systems in use and potentially develop further attacks targeted at the specific version of PHP.
Impact
An attacker can look for specific security vulnerabilities for the version identified. Also the attacker can use this information in conjunction with the other vulnerabilities in the application or the web server.
Netsparker identified that the target web server is disclosing OpenSSL version in the HTTP response. This information can help an attacker to develop further attacks and also the system can become an easier target for automated attacks.
Impact
An attacker can look for specific security vulnerabilities for the identified version. Also the attacker can use this information in conjunction with the other vulnerabilities in the application or the web server.
Remedy
Configure your web server to prevent information leakage from the SERVER header of its HTTP response.
Netsparker identified that the target web server is disclosing one of the Apache modules version. This was disclosed through the HTTP response. This information can help an attacker to gain a greater understanding of the systems in use and potentially develop further attacks targeted at the specific version of Apache.
Impact
An attacker can look for specific security vulnerabilities for the identified Apache module version. The attacker can also use this information in conjunction with the other vulnerabilities in the application or the web server.
Remedy
Configure your web server to prevent information leakage from the SERVER header of its HTTP response.
Netsparker identified that the Apache MultiViews option is enabled. This vulnerability can be used for locating and obtaining access to some hidden resources.
Impact
An attacker can use this functionality to aid in finding hidden file processes on the directory and potentially gather further sensitive information.
Remedy
Change your httpd.conf file. A recommended configuration for the requested directory should be in the following format:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><title>Access forbidden!</title><link rev="made" href="mailto:admin@example.com" /><style type="text/css"><!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/ body { color: #000000; background-color: #FFFFFF; } a:link { color: #0000CC; } p, address {margin-left: 3em;} span {font-size: smaller;}/*]]>*/--></style></head><body><h1>Access forbidden!</h1><p> You don't have permission to access the requested directory. There is either no index document or the directory is read-protected. </p><p>If you think this is a server error, please contactthe <a href="mailto:admin@example.com">webmaster</a>.</p><h2>Error 403</h2><address> <a href="/">ade.apple.com</a><br /> <span>Fri Jul 15 11:15:14 2011<br /> Apache/2.2.11 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.11 OpenSSL/0.9.8k PHP/5.3.0</span></address></body></html>
Netsparker found e-mail addresses on the web site.
Impact
E-mail addresses discovered within the application can be used by both spam email engines and also brute force tools. Furthermore valid email addresses may lead to social engineering attacks .
Remedy
Use generic email addresses such as contact@ or info@ for general communications, remove user/people specific e-mail addresses from the web site, should this be required use submission forms for this purpose.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><title>Access forbidden!</title><link rev="made" href="mailto:admin@example.com" /><style type="text/css"><!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/ body { color: #000000; background-color: #FFFFFF; } a:link { color: #0000CC; } p, address {margin-left: 3em;} span {font-size: smaller;}/*]]>*/--></style></head><body><h1>Access forbidden!</h1><p> You don't have permission to access the requested directory. There is either no index document or the directory is read-protected. </p><p>If you think this is a server error, please contactthe <a href="mailto:admin@example.com">webmaster</a>.</p><h2>Error 403</h2><address> <a href="/">ade.apple.com</a><br /> <span>Fri Jul 15 11:15:14 2011<br /> Apache/2.2.11 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.11 OpenSSL/0.9.8k PHP/5.3.0</span></address></body></html>