Reflected cross-site scripting vulnerabilities arise when data is copied from a request and echoed into the application's immediate response in an unsafe way. An attacker can use the vulnerability to construct a request which, if issued by another application user, will cause JavaScript code supplied by the attacker to execute within the user's browser in the context of that user's session with the application.
The attacker-supplied code can perform a wide variety of actions, such as stealing the victim's session token or login credentials, performing arbitrary actions on the victim's behalf, and logging their keystrokes.
Users can be induced to issue the attacker's crafted request in various ways. For example, the attacker can send a victim a link containing a malicious URL in an email or instant message. They can submit the link to popular web sites that allow content authoring, for example in blog comments. And they can create an innocuous looking web site which causes anyone viewing it to make arbitrary cross-domain requests to the vulnerable application (using either the GET or the POST method).
The security impact of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities is dependent upon the nature of the vulnerable application, the kinds of data and functionality which it contains, and the other applications which belong to the same domain and organisation. If the application is used only to display non-sensitive public content, with no authentication or access control functionality, then a cross-site scripting flaw may be considered low risk. However, if the same application resides on a domain which can access cookies for other more security-critical applications, then the vulnerability could be used to attack those other applications, and so may be considered high risk. Similarly, if the organisation which owns the application is a likely target for phishing attacks, then the vulnerability could be leveraged to lend credibility to such attacks, by injecting Trojan functionality into the vulnerable application, and exploiting users' trust in the organisation in order to capture credentials for other applications which it owns. In many kinds of application, such as those providing online banking functionality, cross-site scripting should always be considered high risk.
Issue remediation
In most situations where user-controllable data is copied into application responses, cross-site scripting attacks can be prevented using two layers of defenses:
Input should be validated as strictly as possible on arrival, given the kind of content which it is expected to contain. For example, personal names should consist of alphabetical and a small range of typographical characters, and be relatively short; a year of birth should consist of exactly four numerals; email addresses should match a well-defined regular expression. Input which fails the validation should be rejected, not sanitised.
User input should be HTML-encoded at any point where it is copied into application responses. All HTML metacharacters, including < > " ' and =, should be replaced with the corresponding HTML entities (< > etc).
In cases where the application's functionality allows users to author content using a restricted subset of HTML tags and attributes (for example, blog comments which allow limited formatting and linking), it is necessary to parse the supplied HTML to validate that it does not use any dangerous syntax; this is a non-trivial task.
1.1. http://publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com/8dbfb0ba-4add-46fb-a53d-245440ef71a4-202995/ChannelInfoService.aspx [name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter]next
The name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload 81c0b<a>3124755a259 was submitted in the name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new HTML tags into the returned document. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /8dbfb0ba-4add-46fb-a53d-245440ef71a4-202995/ChannelInfoService.aspx?siteid=8dbfb0ba-4add-46fb-a53d-245440ef71a4-202995&81c0b<a>3124755a259=1 HTTP/1.1 Host: publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://publish.vx.roo.com/verizon/central/flashembed/ Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.517.44 Safari/534.7 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Vary: Accept-Encoding Date: Sat, 20 Nov 2010 02:14:18 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 20181
The value of the siteid request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload c8a9f<a>75b4aef6ed0 was submitted in the siteid parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new HTML tags into the returned document. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /8dbfb0ba-4add-46fb-a53d-245440ef71a4-202995/ChannelInfoService.aspx?siteid=8dbfb0ba-4add-46fb-a53d-245440ef71a4-202995c8a9f<a>75b4aef6ed0 HTTP/1.1 Host: publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://publish.vx.roo.com/verizon/central/flashembed/ Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.517.44 Safari/534.7 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Vary: Accept-Encoding Date: Sat, 20 Nov 2010 02:14:16 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 20169
1.3. http://publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com/8dbfb0ba-4add-46fb-a53d-245440ef71a4-202995/PlaylistInfoService.aspx [name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter]previousnext
The name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload 606ab<a>3fb066d0da6 was submitted in the name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new HTML tags into the returned document. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /8dbfb0ba-4add-46fb-a53d-245440ef71a4-202995/PlaylistInfoService.aspx?siteid=8dbfb0ba-4add-46fb-a53d-245440ef71a4-202995&606ab<a>3fb066d0da6=1 HTTP/1.1 Host: publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://publish.vx.roo.com/verizon/central/flashembed/ Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.517.44 Safari/534.7 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Vary: Accept-Encoding Date: Sat, 20 Nov 2010 02:14:16 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 27398
The value of the siteid request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload 2aee5<a>4306649dad was submitted in the siteid parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new HTML tags into the returned document. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /8dbfb0ba-4add-46fb-a53d-245440ef71a4-202995/PlaylistInfoService.aspx?siteid=8dbfb0ba-4add-46fb-a53d-245440ef71a4-2029952aee5<a>4306649dad HTTP/1.1 Host: publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://publish.vx.roo.com/verizon/central/flashembed/ Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.517.44 Safari/534.7 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Vary: Accept-Encoding Date: Sat, 20 Nov 2010 02:14:15 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 27382
1.5. http://publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com/a437cd50-7db7-4848-a974-e35c55c6dcca-203031/ChannelInfoService.aspx [name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter]previousnext
The name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload 35277<a>41ba0f9bd80 was submitted in the name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new HTML tags into the returned document. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /a437cd50-7db7-4848-a974-e35c55c6dcca-203031/ChannelInfoService.aspx?siteid=a437cd50-7db7-4848-a974-e35c55c6dcca-203031&35277<a>41ba0f9bd80=1 HTTP/1.1 Host: publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://publish.vx.roo.com/verizon/central/flashembed/ Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.517.44 Safari/534.7 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Vary: Accept-Encoding Date: Sat, 20 Nov 2010 02:14:13 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 20181
The value of the siteid request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload af560<a>7cb9ec533cf was submitted in the siteid parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new HTML tags into the returned document. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /a437cd50-7db7-4848-a974-e35c55c6dcca-203031/ChannelInfoService.aspx?siteid=a437cd50-7db7-4848-a974-e35c55c6dcca-203031af560<a>7cb9ec533cf HTTP/1.1 Host: publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://publish.vx.roo.com/verizon/central/flashembed/ Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.517.44 Safari/534.7 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Vary: Accept-Encoding Date: Sat, 20 Nov 2010 02:14:12 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 20169
1.7. http://publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com/a437cd50-7db7-4848-a974-e35c55c6dcca-203031/PlaylistInfoService.aspx [name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter]previousnext
The name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload 4b61f<a>325672bb22f was submitted in the name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new HTML tags into the returned document. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /a437cd50-7db7-4848-a974-e35c55c6dcca-203031/PlaylistInfoService.aspx?siteid=a437cd50-7db7-4848-a974-e35c55c6dcca-203031&4b61f<a>325672bb22f=1 HTTP/1.1 Host: publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://publish.vx.roo.com/verizon/central/flashembed/ Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.517.44 Safari/534.7 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Vary: Accept-Encoding Date: Sat, 20 Nov 2010 02:14:13 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 27398
The value of the siteid request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload 5c650<a>38392ddfbef was submitted in the siteid parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new HTML tags into the returned document. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /a437cd50-7db7-4848-a974-e35c55c6dcca-203031/PlaylistInfoService.aspx?siteid=a437cd50-7db7-4848-a974-e35c55c6dcca-2030315c650<a>38392ddfbef HTTP/1.1 Host: publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://publish.vx.roo.com/verizon/central/flashembed/ Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.517.44 Safari/534.7 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Vary: Accept-Encoding Date: Sat, 20 Nov 2010 02:14:12 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 27386
1.9. http://publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com/e7257f85-714e-4527-a4b4-7767aa0fa098-104147/ChannelInfoService.aspx [name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter]previousnext
The name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload c2bd3<a>74b4e97165d was submitted in the name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new HTML tags into the returned document. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /e7257f85-714e-4527-a4b4-7767aa0fa098-104147/ChannelInfoService.aspx?siteid=e7257f85-714e-4527-a4b4-7767aa0fa098-104147&c2bd3<a>74b4e97165d=1 HTTP/1.1 Host: publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://publish.vx.roo.com/verizon/central/flashembed/ Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.517.44 Safari/534.7 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Vary: Accept-Encoding Date: Sat, 20 Nov 2010 02:11:24 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 20181
The value of the siteid request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload c1525<a>bc198413de4 was submitted in the siteid parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new HTML tags into the returned document. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /e7257f85-714e-4527-a4b4-7767aa0fa098-104147/ChannelInfoService.aspx?siteid=e7257f85-714e-4527-a4b4-7767aa0fa098-104147c1525<a>bc198413de4 HTTP/1.1 Host: publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://publish.vx.roo.com/verizon/central/flashembed/ Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.517.44 Safari/534.7 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Vary: Accept-Encoding Date: Sat, 20 Nov 2010 02:11:23 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 20169
1.11. http://publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com/e7257f85-714e-4527-a4b4-7767aa0fa098-104147/PlaylistInfoService.aspx [name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter]previousnext
The name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload f8b8e<a>128fbd0ddf0 was submitted in the name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new HTML tags into the returned document. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /e7257f85-714e-4527-a4b4-7767aa0fa098-104147/PlaylistInfoService.aspx?siteid=e7257f85-714e-4527-a4b4-7767aa0fa098-104147&f8b8e<a>128fbd0ddf0=1 HTTP/1.1 Host: publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://publish.vx.roo.com/verizon/central/flashembed/ Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.517.44 Safari/534.7 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Vary: Accept-Encoding Date: Sat, 20 Nov 2010 02:11:26 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 27398
The value of the siteid request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload 93735<a>687c689ee35 was submitted in the siteid parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This behaviour demonstrates that it is possible to inject new HTML tags into the returned document. An attempt was made to identify a full proof-of-concept attack for injecting arbitrary JavaScript but this was not successful. You should manually examine the application's behaviour and attempt to identify any unusual input validation or other obstacles that may be in place.
Request
GET /e7257f85-714e-4527-a4b4-7767aa0fa098-104147/PlaylistInfoService.aspx?siteid=e7257f85-714e-4527-a4b4-7767aa0fa098-10414793735<a>687c689ee35 HTTP/1.1 Host: publish.flashapi.vx.roo.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://publish.vx.roo.com/verizon/central/flashembed/ Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/7.0.517.44 Safari/534.7 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 Vary: Accept-Encoding Date: Sat, 20 Nov 2010 02:11:24 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 27386